How Do Fireflies Produce Light

The twilight flickering of fireflies confirms that summer has arrived. As a child, you may have captured those so-called lightning bugs in your cupped hands and peeked through your fingers to watch them glow, wondering just how those fascinating fireflies produce light. Bioluminescence in Fireflies Fireflies create light in a similar way to how a glowstick works. The light results from a chemical reaction, or chemiluminescence. When a light-producing chemical reaction occurs within a living organism, scientists call this property bioluminescence. Most bioluminescent organisms live in marine environments, but fireflies are among the terrestrial creatures capable of producing light. If you look closely at an adult firefly, youll see that the last two or three abdominal segments appear different than the others. These segments comprise the light-producing organ, an efficient structure that produces light without losing heat energy. If you have ever touched an incandescent light bulb after its been on a few minutes, you know its hot. If the fireflys light organ emitted comparable heat, the insect would meet a crispy end. Luciferase Makes Them Glow In fireflies, the chemical reaction that causes them to glow depends on an enzyme called luciferase. Dont be misled by its name; this enzyme is no work of the devil. Lucifer comes from the Latin lucis, meaning light, and ferre, meaning to carry. Luciferase is literally, then, the enzyme that brings light. Firefly bioluminescence requires the presence of calcium, adenosine triphosphate, the chemical luciferan, and the enzyme luciferase within the light organ. When oxygen is introduced to this combination of chemical ingredients, it triggers a reaction that produces light. Scientists recently discovered that nitric oxide plays a key role in allowing oxygen to enter the fireflys light organ and initiate the reaction. In the absence of nitric oxide, oxygen molecules bind to the mitochondria on the surface of the light organ cells and cant enter the organ to trigger the reaction. So no light can be produced. When present, nitric oxide binds to the mitochondria instead, allowing the oxygen to enter the organ, combines with the other chemicals, and generates light. In addition to being species markers for mate attraction, the bioluminescence is also a signal to fireflies predators, such as bats, that theyre going to be bitter tasting. In a study published in the August 2018 issue of the journal Science Advances, researchers found that bats ate fewer fireflies when the fireflies were glowing. Variations in the Ways Fireflies Flash Light-producing fireflies flash in a pattern and color that is unique to their species, and these flash patterns can be used to identify them. Learning to recognize the firefly species in your area requires knowledge of the length, number, and rhythm of their flashes, the interval of time between their flashes, the color of light they produce, their preferred flight patterns, and the time of night when they typically flash. The rate of a fireflys flash pattern is controlled by the release of ATP during the chemical reaction. The color (or frequency) of the light produced is likely influenced by pH. A fireflys flash rate will also vary with the temperature. Lower temperatures result in slower flash rates. Even if you are well-versed in the flash patterns for fireflies in your area, you need to be mindful of possible imitators attempting to fool their fellow fireflies. Firefly females are known for their ability to mimic the flash patterns of other species, a trick they employ to lure unsuspecting males in closer so they can score an easy meal. Not to be outdone, some male fireflies can also copy the flash patterns of other species. Luciferase in Biomedical Research Luciferase is a valuable enzyme for biomedical research, particularly as a marker of gene expression. Researchers can literally see a gene at work or the presence of a bacterium when the luciferase is tagged. Luciferase has been widely used to help identify food contamination by bacteria. Because of its value as a research tool, luciferase is in high demand by laboratories, and the commercial harvest of live fireflies negatively affected firefly populations in some areas. However, scientists successfully cloned the luciferase gene of one firefly species, Photinus pyralis, in 1985, enabling the large-scale production of synthetic luciferase. Unfortunately, some chemical companies still extract luciferase from fireflies rather than produce and sell the synthetic version. This has effectively put a bounty on the heads of fireflies in some regions, where people are encouraged to collect them by the thousands during the peak of their summer mating season. In a single Tennessee county in 2008, people eager to cash in on one companys demand for fireflies captured and froze approximately 40,000 males. Computer modeling by one research team suggests this level of harvest may be unsustainable for such a firefly population. With the availability of synthetic luciferase today, such harvests of fireflies for profit are entirely unnecessary. Sources Capinera, John L.  Encyclopedia of Entomology. Springer, 2008.â€Å"Firefly Watch.†Ã‚  Museum of Science, Boston.â€Å"How and Why Do Fireflies Light Up?†Ã‚  Scientific American, 5 Sept. 2005.â€Å"Fireflies Light Up To Attract Mates, But Also To Deter Predators.†Ã‚  American Association for the Advancement of Science, 21 Aug. 2018.Lee, John. Basic Bioluminescence. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia.  Modeling Effects of Harvest on Firefly Population Persistence,  Ecological Modelling, 2013.

Essay on The Cathedral by Raymond Carver - 980 Words

Cathedral is a short story ultimately about enlightment, finding something more meaningful and deeper with in one self. Although from an observing point of view nothing more in the story happens then a blind man assisting the narrator in drawing a cathedral. Although as known, the narrators experience radically differs from what is actually observed. He is enlightened and opened up to a new world of vision and imagination. This brief experience will have a life long effect on him. The reason for this strong and positive effect is not so much the relationship made between the blind man and the narrator or even the actual events leading up to this experience, but rather it is mostly due to what was drawn by the narrator. A†¦show more content†¦His further ignorance about the blind are focused in on Robert since he is aware of his upcoming visit. Hearing the marriage stories about Robert from his wife the narrator cannot realize how a woman could love a blind man, It was beyond my understanding. Hearing this, I felt sorry for the blind man for a little bit. And then I found myself thinking what a pitiful life this women must have led (508). This ignorance and immature understanding of relationships overshadows his attitude toward Roberts visit, unwanted and condescending. His attitude toward the blind man seems to change though before and furtherly during the connection they make as they draw the cathedral together. Although there is no evidence that the narrators overall ignorances and prejudices are gone from the experience, it is very clear however that he does come to some sort of revelation and enlightment, My eyes were still closed. I was in my house. I knew that. But I didnt feel like I was inside anything (515). Because what the narrator draws is a cathedral it is only assumable that this enlightment that the narrator experiences has to do with values of Christianity, in this case it would be a realization of equality and treating people with love , little is said about the effects this revelation has on him. The narrator through out most of the short story comes of as a pretty shallow character. Besides his stereotyping tendencies he comes of as callous and un-imaginative. He shows his lack ofShow MoreRelated`` Cathedral `` By Raymond Carver992 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Cathedral† is a short story that was written by Raymond Carver in 1981. Raymond Carver is most well known for his short stories and is even an writer credited with reviving the then dying form of literature. A part of a collection of short stories, â€Å"Cathedral† was the last to be published and was included in 1982’s Best American Short Stories. â€Å"Cathedral is different from the other works of Carver due to the humanistic realism that is given to his characters, which had not been seen before in hisRead MoreCathedral (by Raymond Carver)1131 Words   |  5 PagesCathedral: A Lesson for the Ages Raymond Carver s short story, Cathedral, portrays a story in which many in today s society can relate. We are introduced from the first sentence of the story to a man that seems to be perturbed and agitated. As readers, we are initially unsure to the reasoning s behind the man s discomfort. The man, who seems to be a direct portrayal of Raymond Carver himself, shows his ignorance by stereotyping a blind man by the name of Robert, who has come to stay withRead MoreThe Cathedral By Raymond Carver Essay937 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Cathedral† Born on May 25, 1938 in Clatskanie, Oregon, Raymond Carver was destined to be a writer. He was a son of a sawmill worker and grew up working hard majority of his life. He married year after he finished high school and had two children with his wife at the time. He raised and supported his children with normal working class jobs such as delivering, janitorial and gas station services. Carver discovered his interest in writing after taking a creative writing course in collegeRead More`` Cathedral `` By Raymond Carver1027 Words   |  5 Pagesfirst, I thought she was ridiculous, and I laughed at her. But later, I realized that she was suffering a hard disease and that was the reason she had lost her hair. I felt bad myself because at the end I was the ridiculous. In the story, â€Å"Cathedral† by Raymond Carver the narrator was thinking wrongly about Robert because Robert was a blind man. The narrator was accustomed to what we usually watch on TV about blind people. He thought that Robert was one of those who walked slowly accompanied by a dogRead MoreThe Cathedral By Raymond Carver978 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"The Cathedral† by Raymond Carver, a man named Robert is coming to spend the night at the narrator’s house. Robert is a friend of the narrator’s wife who happens to be blind, which doesn’t sit well with the narrator. Robert and his wife have a ten year relationship which started with her working for him. Since then they’ve stayed in contact by sending audiotapes to each other. When Robert reaches the house, the narrator is a bit uncomfortable. The first reason being because the man is blind, andRead MoreThe Cathedral By Raymond Carver1202 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Cathedral† written by Raymond Carver is a short story that unfolds as a first-person narrative of the main character named Bub. The story beautifully depicts the process of an individual who transforms from a person with lack of knowledge a nd ignorant towards knowledgeable soul, due to an encounter with his wife’s blind friend Robert, to an individual that is enlightened. The cathedral, in this story, is a mere subject brought up at the end of this story which becomes the object of his enlightenmentRead MoreThe Cathedral By Raymond Carver1294 Words   |  6 Pagesthat with self-awareness, a person â€Å"comes to know what [their] destiny is, who [their] wife or husband will be, what [their] mission in life will be† (Maslow 440). In the cases of those who aren’t aware of their self, like the narrator of â€Å"Cathedral† by Raymond Carver, they lack all behaviors of self-actualization as well as the experience of transcendence that follows suit. In order to open the door to their selves, a â€Å"metacounselor† guides them through their mind or activities that would embrace individualityRead MoreThe Cathedral by Raymond Carver1281 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cathedral by Raymond Carver is an exemplar of a literature with the use of realism in which a realistic, non-ideal, ordinary life of an individual is depicted to represent a wider meaning in life or the society. The anecdote is narrated through the narrators point-of-view about a blind man, Robert, who is a friend of his wife. A theme is presented using a foil, Robert, or a character whose traits are ideal and contrast with the protagonists to highlight some qualities in the central characterRead MoreThe Cathedral By Raymond Carver1758 Words   |  8 PagesIn Raymond Carver’s â€Å"The Cathedral†, the unnamed husband narrators the tale of his wife’s old blind friend Robert coming to visit after not seeing each other for years. They had remained in contact through audiotapes, but the husband seems to not understand the significance of their relationship, showing distaste with the visit for the majority of the story, due to his uncomfortableness. In this story, the writer displays his t ale and its morals; by using the narration of the husband; Carver showsRead MoreThe Cathedral By Raymond Carver1280 Words   |  6 Pages Raymond Carver’s short story â€Å"The Cathedral† is one that was published with a collection of other books in 1983. This particular short story is one that presents multiple views, including real life ethical and stereotypical situations correlating with the specific time this story was published in. Through these ideas and also the symbols created through the characters one receives a vital message. This message that the author is trying to convey is to look further past what one may see at your

Practice Identifying Subject and Object Complements

In our article on complements, we discussed subject complements, which follow a linking verb and provide additional information about the subject of the sentence. The subject complement is normally a noun or an adjective that defines or renames the subject in some way. We also learned about object complements, which follow and modify a direct object and provide additional information about it. An object complement can be a noun or adjective or any word acting as a noun or adjective. To easily understand it, think of it this way: Subject complements and object complements fill out and complete our sentences. Object complements provide more detail about the object of a sentence, while subject complements provide information about the subject to a sentence. In this exercise, you will learn to identify subject complements and object complements in sentences. Instructions for Practice Exercise Identify the complement in each of the following sentences, and note whether it is a subject complement or an object complement. When you are done, compare your answers, which appear below the test. Pablo is extremely intelligent.I find him intelligent.Shyla eventually became my best friend.Our neighbors dogs are very dangerous.Gingers hair dye turned the water pink.After our disagreement on the first day of school, Jenny became my friend for life.We painted the ceiling blue.You are making me sad.Paula is a good dancer.Dorothy named her parakeet Onan.Known as the father of the Texas blues, Blind Lemon Jefferson was a popular entertainer in the 1920s.The gift Karen gave her brother was a hamster.Buck grew up in Oklahoma and became an expert horse rider before reaching his 18th birthday.  I once considered Nancy my fiercest enemy.After reviewing the details  of the case, the  court pronounced the boy not guilty.By the second month of the drought, the river had run dry. Answers Pablo is extremely  intelligent. (subject complement)I find him  intelligent. (object complement)Shyla eventually became my best  friend.  (subject complement)Our neighbors dogs are very dangerous. (subject complement)Gingers hair dye turned the water  pink. (object complement)After our disagreement on the first day of school, Jenny became my  friend  for life. (subject complement)We painted the ceiling  blue. (object complement)You are making me  sad. (object complement)Paula is a good  dancer. (subject complement)Dorothy named her parakeet  Onan. (object complement)Known as the father of the Texas blues, Blind Lemon Jefferson was a popular  entertainer  in the 1920s. (subject complement)The gift Karen gave her brother was a  hamster. (subject complement)Buck grew up in Oklahoma and became an expert  horse rider  before reaching his 18th birthday.  (subject complement)I once considered Nancy my fiercest  enemy.  (object complement)After reviewin g the details of the case, the  court pronounced the boy  not guilty.  (object complement)By the second month of the drought, the river had run  dry. (subject complement)​

P3 Explain the factors that would lead to suspicion of...

Caring for children and young people. P3: Explain the factors that would lead to suspicion of child maltreatment or abuse. The different types of maltreatment is sexual abuse, Sexual abuse refers to any action that pressures or forces someone to do something sexually they don t want to do. Sexual abuse can be when you’re being touched in a way that you may not like, or being forced to have sex, another type of sexual abuse is when somebody is forced to look at sexual pictures or videos. Sexual abuse can also include someone flashing or exposing themselves to you; this can be via webcam, pictures or in person You re made to do something sexual to someone that feels uncomfortable or wrong; again, this can on online such as Facebook,†¦show more content†¦Some changes in behaviour which can also indicate neglect may include the child complaining of being tired all the time, not requesting medical assistance or mentioning being left alone or unsupervised. The indicators of physical abuse can include unexplained bruising, marks or injuries on any part of the body, multiple bruises, broken bones or even multiple burn marks. There can also be a change in behaviour while a child is being physically abused, such as; fear of parents being approached for an explanation, aggressive behaviour, flinching when approached or touched, depression, withdrawn behaviour or even running away from home. The consequences of maltreatment can lead to psychological problems and physical problems. When a child has been abused this can make the child angry. Self-esteem is usually caused when someone is emotionally abused as the person may talk down to the child and make the child feel useless. When somebody is sexually abused, the consequence may be an STI or even unwanted pregnancy. Other consequences that can happen due to abuse is, diseases, stress, and illnesses. These can be due to Neglect, if the child is not looked after properly then the child could end up ill, this can also happen due to neglect if the home environment is not healthy. Some wider factors suggesting a risk of maltreatment could be the use of drugs around the child, which could lead to neglect and abuse. Another indicator of maltreatmentShow MoreRelatedUnit 10 Essay1892 Words   |  8 Pageseasily if necessary. Task 3 (P3) Produce a written document which would identify and explain different factors that would lead to the suspicion of child maltreatment and abuse Task 4 (P4 D2) You are a support assistant and two of the children give you cause for concern that they may be experiencing some maltreatment or abuse. You find it helpful to explain the factors that could lead to the suspicion of child maltreatment or abuse in your report. Task 5 (P5 M3) Explain the strategies and methodsRead MoreUnit 10 Assignment – Caring For Children and Young People – Task 33202 Words   |  13 Pagesabout the factors which could lead to suspicion of child maltreatment or abuse, different strategies and methods that are used in order to minimise the harm to children, young people and their families where and when the abuse is confirmed. I will also be talking about the responses where child maltreatment or abuse is suspected or confirmed relating to current legislations and policies. Task 3 (P3, M3, D2) – Explain the physical, social and emotional signs that may signify that a child is beingRead More10c - Child Maltreatment P33267 Words   |  14 Pages10C - Child Maltreatment P3: Explain the factors that would lead to suspicion of child maltreatment or abuse. Child maltreatment, also referred to as child maltreatment and neglect, includes all the various forms of abuse ranging from physical, emotional and sexual abuse to neglect and exploitation. This type of abuse can result in the potential or actual harm to a childs health, there development and dignity. Physical Abuse: Physical abuse also defined as non-accidental trauma or physicalRead MoreFactors Leading to Child Abuse1856 Words   |  8 PagesP3- Explain the factors that would lead to the suspicion of child maltreatment or abuse Unit 10 â€Å"There are several types of child abuse, but the core element that ties them together is the emotional effect on the child. Children need predictability, structure, clear boundaries, and the knowledge that their parents are looking out for their safety. Abused children cannot predict how their parents will act. Their world is an unpredictable, frightening place with no rules. Whether the abuse is a slapRead MoreCaring For Children And Young People4070 Words   |  17 Pageshome because they could of suffered from abuse, loss of a parent, disability etc. Suspected abuse: There are four types of abuse that a child can experience, Physical, sexual, emotional and neglect. Physical abuse is when someone e.g. mother, father or sibling hurts a child continuously on purpose this can include drowning, suffocating, poisoning or burning the child. Signs that normally show physical abuse can be scars or burns. Sexual abuse is when a child or young person under the age of consent

Information Technology Outsourcing/Off shoring Free Essays

Introduction The activities of outsourcing are not new for the businesses. The difference is only that the name ‘outsourcing’ was not given in back 20 years but now it has properly given its name and implementing by almost all the businesses worldwide. The practice of outsourcing is going on from last 20 years in the business environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Information Technology Outsourcing/Off shoring or any similar topic only for you Order Now And now it is very well shaped. The base of the research paper is to flourish the challenges and negative side of the outsourcing which are facing by every business of the US economy in the department of Information Technology. Outsourcing/Off Shoring Outsourcing refers to the assistance that the companies take from the other companies. This assistance in terms of IT can be installing of software, managing the database etc. In the field of IT, it requires high performance, maintenance, and should be updated with the coming technologies. With the emerging trend of IT, the competition between the companies arises. So to cope up with this situation most of the companies are catering towards outsourcing. â€Å"The performance demands of the e-economy, and pressure to deliver competitive IT functionality. To meet these challenges, organizations are increasingly considering outsourcing of their information systems activities as an attractive option.† (Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants) The IT companies hire the people from outside sources on contract basis to perform the IT functions. â€Å"Allotting work to suppliers and distributors to provide needed services and materials and to perform those processes that the organization does not perform itself.† (Hormozi 2003). Instead of performing the IT function itself the companies hires professionals. Those professionals are the service providers related to another entity. The companies tries to adopt outsourcing because it saves time and cost. â€Å"Rather than devoting time, energy and capital to the creation of IT processing services, organizations feel they can minimize the start-up time required to enter new markets by contracting a third party to provide those services immediately.†   (Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants) Challenges to IT Outsourcing Outsourcing has created many challenges to the businesses. There are also some drawbacks. â€Å"A study of 85 outsourcing deals over the period 1992 – 2000 showed that, while in 60% of these deals the client benefited, nearly 36% of clients experienced problems.† (Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants) Following are the problems which are facing by the organizations while IT outsourcing. Operational Problems A company can be strong when all of its information should be in its own hand and operating by the company itself. If there would be lack of data integrity, the system can be fail easily or the information of the inside company can be access by the others, then the company can bear the losses. Every company have there own secrets inside the company if they will be whistle blow by any one then the reputation of the company can be effected or lawsuits. â€Å"In an outsourcing arrangement, an organization’s processing is performed by different personnel, with different management, using different techniques and methods, in a changed operating environment.† (Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants) Another problem which occurs during outsourcing is that the companies are not acknowledge with operational problem and are not able to know the ruthlessness of the problem. Companies can loss its competencies by outsourcing. The service provider can easily access the information or data but this can be compensated by the working of effective functions of IT. â€Å"An organization therefore risks losing its competencies or its otherwise deep knowledge of its systems and operations in relevant domains. This loss could, in turn, compromise its ability to operate and manage effectively.† (Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants) The outsourcing team should be effective. There is lack of competencies, so the companies don’t have direct control over them. To create the direct control the companies should hire effective team that can effectively and efficiently solve the IT problems. â€Å"Lack of these competencies may compromise its ability to make decisions on changes to the IT services, manage the governance relationship or liaise with the customer base inside the organization.†Ã‚   (Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants) Service Problems Mostly, the problem faced by the companies is the difference in the work which the company wanted and the service which service providers supplied. Always there is different between these two pints. Both the parties take time to get to know each others point of view. â€Å"The organization may be accustomed to a certain standard and style of performance that was provided by its internal IT department prior to outsourcing. This same standard and style may not, however, be continued by the service provider.† (Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants) Cost problems â€Å"Research shows that lack of clarity and understanding of the costs related to the many aspects of outsourcing service delivery are the biggest problems of outsourcing.† (Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants) When a company does not properly plan outsources then the unusual cost could incur after sometime that can effect the efficiency of the outsource program. Work Cited   Amir Hormozi, Erin Hostetler, Cynthia Middleton; Outsourcing Information Technology: Assessing Your Options SAM Advanced Management Journal, Vol. 68, 2003 Accessed on November 7, 2006   itmWEB: Outsourcing Information Technology http://www.itmweb.com/essay528.htm Accessed on November 7, 2006   Eric Krapf; Outsourcing: Doing It More, Liking It less Business Communications Review, Vol. 29, November 1999 Accessed on November 7, 2006 The Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants, Information Technology Advisory Committee. Information Technology Outsourcing, Insights for a changing world.   Copyright  ©2003 the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants, 277 Wellington Street West, Toronto, Canada How to cite Information Technology Outsourcing/Off shoring, Essay examples

Leadership Challenges and Issues- Free-Samples- Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the different challenges and issues that the Organizations face because of leaders. Answer: Introduction The purpose of this paper is to concentrate on the different challenges and issues that the organizations face because of leaders. The leaders are one of the most important parts for the success of the organizations. The decisions they take have a huge impact on the organizational culture and success. It is, therefore, a huge issue in determining and solving the issues to achieve a sustainable growth (Carter, Ulrich Goldsmith, 2012). Leadership challenges and issues The various challenges and issues that the organizations are facing today because of a weak leadership around the world are:- Communication failure The leaders of the organization like the CEO, operation managers and other top officials should be able to communicate with the other employees at every point of time. This has been lacking in many of the big organizations which is creating a lot of miscommunication nowadays between the employees. This is really a big challenge (Bolman Deal, 2017). Lack of accountability The lack of accountability among the organization leaders is creating a big gap between the success and implementation of the plans. This can be harmful for the organization. Fear of firing The leaders sometimes fear about firing the persons who are not fitting with the objectives of the organizations. This is because they have become parts of their families as their team members. This shows the moral weakness of the leaders that is a negative point (Brown, Kingsley Paterson, 2015). Lack of clear vision It is an obvious fact that the leaders of an organization must have a clear vision about their organizational objectives. So, the leaders must be clear to themselves about what they want from their employees. If this feature lacks, the companies are going to suffer a lot. Poor execution The leaders have to be experts in the implementation of the organizational plans. These plans must be executed by the managers and leaders properly by allocating the works to the suitable employees (Johansen, 2012). It has happened often times, they have not been able to understand the worth of their employees and the organizational growth has suffered because of the poor execution of the plans by the leaders. Leadership theories Some of the important leadership theories in the modern day business environment are:- Situational theory According to this theory, the leaders must be able to adjust themselves to different situations. Different challenging situations may arise in the workplace because of different reasons (Northouse, 2015). These challenges have to be managed and the positive things have to be extracted by the leaders because of this. These situational adjustments signify the positive qualities of the leaders. Transformational theory The leaders must engage with the other people within the organization and guide them to complete the works within time. The leaders have to be attentive and aware of the motives of his subordinates. This theory decides how an organizational leader can initiate, develop and implement the needed changes in the organizations (Northouse, 2015). Motivational theory One of the most important theories in leadership is motivational theory. The special quality of a perfect leader is to make sure that the employees are motivated to complete the works in time and with efficiency. This reflects the fact the organizational success depends on how much the leaders are able to motivate the subordinate employees (Trpanier, Fernet Austin, 2012). Organizational success and leadership A perfect leadership has a definite positive impact on the performance of the employees. If the employees are motivated, they will contribute their best to the success of the organization. The leaders set the tone for the employees to perform their best efforts (Goetsch Davis 2014). They develop a set of goals and values for the employees behind which they run after to achieve the desired success. In this 21st century business environment, the leaders must be democratic in nature. This will lead to consulting with the employees before making a major decision in the workplace. They have to set some policies and guidelines for the internal and external stakeholders as well so that they can work efficiently with a good behavior (Doh Quigley, 2014). Conclusion This conclusion to this paper can be drawn in a manner that the organizational leaders are the heart of the organization who are the major decision makers and the ones on whom the success of the organization lies. They have to play a major positive role in determining the organizations growth and leadership success References Bolman, L. G., Deal, T. E. (2017).Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership. John Wiley Sons. Brown, P., Kingsley, J., Paterson, S. (2015).The fear-free organization: Vital insights from neuroscience to transform your business culture. Kogan Page Publishers. Carter, L., Ulrich, D., Goldsmith, M. (Eds.). (2012).Best practices in leadership development and organization change: how the best companies ensure meaningful change and sustainable leadership(Vol. 18). John Wiley Sons. Doh, J. P., Quigley, N. R. (2014). Responsible leadership and stakeholder management: Influence pathways and organizational outcomes.The Academy of Management Perspectives,28(3), 255-274. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014).Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Johansen, R. (2012).Leaders make the future: Ten new leadership skills for an uncertain world. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Northouse, P. G. (2015).Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Trpanier, S. G., Fernet, C., Austin, S. (2012). Social and motivational antecedents of perceptions of transformational leadership: A self-determination theory perspective.Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science,44(4), 272.

How the characters actions and relations to the events portrayed in An Inspector Calls Essay Example For Students

How the characters actions and relations to the events portrayed in An Inspector Calls Essay The play An Inspector Calls was written by J. B. Priestley in 1945 just after the Second World War. J. B. Priestley was in 1894 in Bradford. His mother died in that that same year and his father remarried four years later. J. B. Priestley left school at sixteen and became a junior clerk at a wool-making firm. The play is set in 1912 just before the outbreak of the First World War. The location for the play is the house of a rich high middle class family. The play starts with the family celebrating the engagement of Sheila who is the Arthurs daughter to Gerald Croft who is the son of a rich businessman. Later in the play the mood turns sour when an Inspectors calls to investigate the death of Eva Smith and tells them they all are to blame for her death. During the era of the play, workers in factories and workers had almost no rights. The employers had full control of the workers but this began to change during this era. The rights of the employees began to change because the government started to concern themselves with the workers and the lower classes. They introduced measured to help the poor including giving free school dinners, old age pension and national insurance. Even though this did help there was still a large gulf of wealth between the middle and higher class and the working class and it was very difficult to move up a class. At around 1910-1912 the top 1% of the population owned around 67% of the nations wealth. Another big difference was that in rich areas people could expect to live to they were fifty years old where as people who lived in poor areas lived on average only to twenty-six years old. The character to be interviewed first was Arthur Birling. Arthur is the owner of a works that employs many lower class workers and once employed Eva Smith but she was sacked after leading a uprising at the works for better pay and conditions. Arthur is in the upper-middle class but hopes to move up a class by receiving a knighthood on the next honours list. Arthur is a stereotypical male of his class. He is a pompous and overpowering person. He believes a person should look after himself and family and nothing else. a man has got to make his own way is a comment he made to his son Eric which shows his attitude to the poor. He also says many things to show that he has a superior social status. Im good friends with colonel Roberts. He also shows he attitude to the working class by saying shed had a lot to say-far too much when talking about the protest at the works. Arthurs attitude to the poor is one of that they should been seen but not heard and put up with what they are given this was shown when he refused to increase wages Sheila Birling is the daughter of Arthur Birling. She does not have a good relationship with her parents. She is very arrogant and rude towards to the lower class. She is a typical middle class mans daughter. She like her father has no respect for the lower class, which she shows when gets Eva Smith sacked. Sheila got sacked Eva from the clothes store after Eva looked better in a dress than Sheila. She also shows she is able to use her superior social class and wealth when almost blackmailing the clothes shop Eva worked at. Sheila did this by saying she would never shop at that shop again if they did not sack Eva. .ud9e1937e5b1637da567901b89e86f71d , .ud9e1937e5b1637da567901b89e86f71d .postImageUrl , .ud9e1937e5b1637da567901b89e86f71d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud9e1937e5b1637da567901b89e86f71d , .ud9e1937e5b1637da567901b89e86f71d:hover , .ud9e1937e5b1637da567901b89e86f71d:visited , .ud9e1937e5b1637da567901b89e86f71d:active { border:0!important; } .ud9e1937e5b1637da567901b89e86f71d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud9e1937e5b1637da567901b89e86f71d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud9e1937e5b1637da567901b89e86f71d:active , .ud9e1937e5b1637da567901b89e86f71d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud9e1937e5b1637da567901b89e86f71d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud9e1937e5b1637da567901b89e86f71d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud9e1937e5b1637da567901b89e86f71d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud9e1937e5b1637da567901b89e86f71d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud9e1937e5b1637da567901b89e86f71d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud9e1937e5b1637da567901b89e86f71d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud9e1937e5b1637da567901b89e86f71d .ud9e1937e5b1637da567901b89e86f71d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud9e1937e5b1637da567901b89e86f71d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Progression of friendship and its dramatic EssayThis shows a complete lack of respect for the lower class. This also shows that Sheila is a very jealous woman and cannot stand to see a lower class woman looking better than her. There is hope though for future generations because at the end of the play she is very remorseful. I behaved badly too, I know I did. Im ashamed of it. Gerald Croft is the son of a high-class business who owns a rival factory to Arthur Birlings works. Geralds attitude to life is very laid back and relaxed. He like his future father in-law treats the lower class with almost no respect. He shows this when he has a sexual relationship with Eva Smith and then leaves her when it pleases him. Gerald was engaged to Sheila at the same time as seeing Eva but the engagement was cancelled when the Inspector revealed the affair. This also shows he disrespects woman because he does not care that his affair will hurt both Sheila and Eva. Sybil Birling is the wife of Arthur. She was born into a high-class family but when she married Arthur she drooped a class. Sybil gives an impression of a very cold woman with no heart. When she learned of the death of Eva Smith she felt no remorse even though she played a part in the death of Eva Smith. She shows a very poor relationship with her children I must say were are learning something tonight. She says that when she learns of Erics drink problem. She like all the other character has a poor attitude to the lower classes. He part in the death of Eva Smith was turning her down for charity because Eva used the name Birling because she did not want to use her real name. Sybil thought this was a great disrespected and turned her down. Eric Birling is the son of Arthur Birling. Eric attitude to life is very laid back. He is very immature for his age. I suddenly felt I just had to laugh He shows his attitude to the poor when he forced into Evas house and then we are led to believe he raped. This shows complete lack of respect for the lower class and women. It shows that Eric believes that just because Eva is of lower class that it is ok to do anything to them. If he did rape her that was the worst act committed by any of the characters. He also later got her pregnant and did not want to have anything to do with the baby. He probably did not want to see the baby because it would bring shame to the family. Again like his sister he did show some respect by giving Eva money. Inspector Goole is a very mysterious character. His name is very similar to the word ghoul, which might mean he is a ghost. Another reason why he might be a ghost is that seems to know everything about all the characters. He is clearly a well-educated man and treats the higher class with no more respect than he does the lower classes. The plat An Inspector Calls shows the social attitudes towards the lower classes from the higher classes. The general attitude towards the lower class at the time of the play is poor and this repented by the main characters treating them badly, not letting them stand up for their rights, taking advantage of them and raping Eva. They did this because they thought because they were of a higher class they should treat them as they wished. In the play the treatment of Eva was noticed and the culprits were punished but it reality this would never of happened.