The Differences Between The And Of The People And African...

Worldwide, injustice and adversity are issues that have past subsisted, causing pain and suffering to many. However, there have been several events and individuals of the Indigenous Australian and African American culture, who have demonstrated that throughout times of injustice and adversity, morality exists. As outlined in Deuteronomy 1:39 – â€Å"We are born into a world full of evil as well as good. We are not born with the understanding, but we all must learn to tell the difference between them.† This quote particularly reflects upon the idea of Morality, which can be defined as, ‘the distinction between right and wrong, or good and bad behaviour’. In order to understand the values of morality, God has provided Christianity with morals to live and abide by. These morals are preached through The 10 commandments and Beatitudes. The Ten Commandments are eternal gospel principles, which God revealed to Moses in Exodus 20:1–17. Likewise, The Beatitudes are the eight declarations of blessedness, spoken by Jesus at the beginning of the Sermon on the Mount, in Matthew 5:3-12. However, despite the fact that we have been given the gift of the 10 Commandments and Beatitudes, it is not unforeseen that due to our free will and sinful nature, many Indigenous Australians and African Americans have endured many challenges implicating injustice. The Stolen Generations is a dark chapter in Australia s history, which saw the breaching of the eighth commandment – ‘You shall not steal’Show MoreRelatedEssential Differences in Terms of Black and African American Essay942 Words   |  4 PagesBlack, Not African American†, the term â€Å"African American† is being stressed out and misused. McWhorter says, â€Å"It’s time we descendants of slaves brought to the United States let go of the term â€Å"African American† and go back to calling ourselves black – with a capital B† (527). I agree with McWhorter’s argument about calling African American’s Black. I feel people should not be addressing a person as an â€Å"Italian American†, if one has a heritage in America. So why should the term African American be treatedRead MoreAfrican Americans: Autoethnography. This Past Saturday1712 Words   |  7 PagesAfrican Americans: Autoethnography This past Saturday I attended my neighbors daughters baby shower, whom I have known for about a year. My neighbor is an African American woman, and so is her daughter, along with their family and friends. I didn’t think anything different about myself attending a baby shower and being surrounded by all African American females, until I got this assignment, then it really made me open my eyes when engaging. I was the only white female at this event, and the onlyRead MoreThoughts on Characteristics of Race and Gender: Du Bois vs. De Beauvoir1146 Words   |  5 Pagesrace and gender In the debate over equality for both African-Americans and women, the question of nature versus nurture inevitably arises. Although most authors acknowledge that there are differences between these historically discriminated-against groups and members of the hegemonic culture, the origin of those differences has been hotly debated. While the African-American intellectual W.E.B Du Bois was inclined to conceptualize African-Americans as a race, feminists of the 1950s like Simone DeRead MoreA Brief Note On Multiple Factors Contributing And Racial Inequality1134 Words   |  5 Pagesracial inequality. Under those circumstances, many people have this belief that a particular ethnic group is superior compared to others. For instance, Berlin states, â€Å"white people set black people apart socially and ideologically. The belief that people of African descent were somehow different, if not in origins then certainly by experience and perhaps by nature.† For this reason, racism is di fferent in different parts of the world. Different cultures teach different values to their citizens. UltimatelyRead MoreHeredity, Culture, And Environment1064 Words   |  5 PagesHave you ever thought about different cultures and heredities? In my report, I m going to talk about how heredity, culture, and environment can all influence patient behavior in the medical office. Let s first talk about the first one heredity that are the traits that we inherit from our parents and grandparents. We get them from our parents of course. It will have an impact on what they do and don t believe that work for them in terms of a medical solution. Each person is passed down from generationRead MoreCulture Is A Common Way Of Life Essay1190 Words   |  5 PagesCULTURAL DIFFERENCES STUDENT NAME STUDENT SCHOOL â€Æ' Abstract According to Christopher Dawson, culture is a common way of life. It is a shared set of learned beliefs, values, assumptions, attitudes and behaviours that differentiate a particular group of people from others(Wederspahn, 2009. p.19). Fundamental differences among people all stem from nationality, ethnicity and culture. Family background and individual experiences also contribute to these differences. These lead to differences in practicesRead More Dominicans And Afro-americans Essay944 Words   |  4 Pagestoday, there is a large and diverse African-American population. Within this population, there are several ethnic groups. The other ethnic group similar to Afro-Americans is Dominicans. Not only are they both minorities, but they also look similar as well. Both Dominicans and Afro-Americans are originally from Africa, but their slave masters separated them into two different cultures. African-Americans was African slaves of Americans, and Dominicans were African slaves of the S panish. Hevesi of theRead MoreThe Innate Genius Behind By Langston Hughes944 Words   |  4 PagesLangston Hughes was a pioneer of African-American literature and while he wrote an abundance of short stories, essays and plays, he is most well-known for his poetry. The innate genius behind these poems was that he wrote about the everyday lives of American men and women using simple and easily relatable language to invoke a sense of grand importance that most people could understand. His poetry presents a commentary in which both races can begin to better understand one another and also critiquesRead MoreBody Image : The African American Culture1667 Words   |  7 PagesImage in the African American Culture Today we live in a society that over the years has become so obsessed with body image and how an individual should look. Different cultures have different standards and norms that help to define their ideal body image. African Americans because of their differences in culture have gone against most cultural norms and have set their own definitions of beauty, body image, and body satisfaction. Because of these key differences, the African American communityRead MoreAfrican American Studies : The Matrix Of American Ethnic Studies972 Words   |  4 Pageschange. Using Color-Line To Borderlands: The Matrix of American Ethnic Studies, I will focus on the following Ethnic Studies and their goals: African American Studies, Women’s Studies, Chicano/a Studies, Native American Studies, and Asian American Studies, and Queer Studies. African American studies, which can be seen as the first Ethnic Studies to be introduced in Academia has several values that they want to embody. Originally, African American studies was a grassroots student-led response to institutional

Essay on Domestic Violence is Primary Abuse of Women

The primary types of violence that women experience are those that are perpetrated by a husband or an intimate male partner (Levitt, Swanger, Butler, 2008, p. 435; WHO, 2010). Intimate partner violence (IPV) includes physical and emotional abuse, forced intercourse or sexually degrading acts, and various controlling behaviors, such as isolation from family and friends and restriction from economic independence. These different types of abuse, in most cases, coincide over extended periods of time (WHO, 2010). Based on recent findings, the prevalence of domestic violence around the world has been proven to be quite high. In 2005, the WHO interviewed over 24,000 women between the ages of 15 and 49 years in various Asian, African, and†¦show more content†¦Religion has a tremendous influence on an individual’s behaviors and attitudes in public and private domains, all of which can potentially affect health outcomes (Chatters, 2000). Like most social determinants, religion has its positive and negative attributes on health. Theological emphases on love, compassion, and righteousness in a variety of religious faiths can be helpful for social and coping resources, encouraging positive attitudes and emotions, and endorsing specific health-promoting lifestyle and behaviors (Flood Pease, 2009). However, with regard to IPV, several doctrines can be used, or sometimes misused, by perpetrators of violence to justify the brutality they conduct against women or to sustain the ideolog y on women’s vulnerability (Flood Pease, 2009). Religious beliefs that exemplify patriarchal cultural norms by upholding masculine ideals and women’s subordination have been cited as one of the main contributing factors to IPV due to the unequal power ascribed within the relationship (Levitt et al., 2008). Men who believe that it is acceptable to physically harm their wives have twice the risk of perpetrating IPV, and like a dose-response relationship, the risk increased as acceptance of violence supported by religious dogma increased (WHO, 2010). IPV has received increasingShow MoreRelatedPrimary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Care for Domestic Violence1427 Words   |  6 PagesInterventions to Combating Domestic Violence Domestic Violence: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Interventions Jason Holt, RN Grand Canyon University NRS429V Diana Anderson, RN, MSNEd, CMSRN August 27, 2010 Domestic Violence: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Interventions Approximately 2 million American women are assaulted each year at the hands of their intimate partner and an estimated 1,200 are murdered as a result of intimate partner abuse (Black, M.C, Breiding, M.JRead MoreDomestic Violence: A Cause of Homelessness in Women Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagestruth in her household. Domestic violence is greatly on the rise and is one of the leading causes of homelessness among women in todays society. Rather than approach domestic violence as a direct cause of homelessness, one might hope to understand how such violence could help create the circumstances that might make a woman more susceptible to homelessness. Domestic violence and poverty may intersect with other issues to produce the circumstances that often leave women no other choice but to seekRead MoreDomestic Violence Is Not A New Phenomenon Essay1595 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence is not a new phenomenon. It holds a long standing in Western culture and is an ongoing societal problem claiming millions of victims each year. Early approaches to domestic violence was constructed under the 19th century English common law, believing that under such laws a man was permitted to discipline his wife through physical punishment. Michelle Collins (2012), notes that in order to understand the impact society has on domestic violence or vice versa, it is important to defineRead MoreAnalysis Of Rhonda Copelon s Article Intim ate Terror 878 Words   |  4 Pageson the primary issue being written about. These writing tactics are powerful tools, keeping the reader interested, curious, and open-minded. Because the topic of this article is so controversial and uncomfortable, the usefulness of such writing tools increases exponentially. Through a bold and intense use of written word, Copelon presents her ideas on domestic violence within the private household very successfully. In this article, the author’s primary focus is comparing violent domestic abuseRead MoreBook Review of Domestic Violence1329 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Book Review on â€Å"Domestic Violence: The 12 Things You Aren’t Supposed to Know† Written By: Thomas James T.B. James has written a hard-hitting and incisive book focusing on current myths about domestic violence in the United States that turns the conventional approach on its ear (Domestic Violence: The 12 Things You Aren’t Supposed to Know, 2003). A practicing attorney in Minnesota and founder/director of Better Resolutions Mediation Service, James’s shortRead MoreDomestic Violence : A Global Phenomenon1653 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Domestic violence is considered a global phenomenon; research suggests that up to fifty percent of women worldwide have been physically abused by their intimate partner. Domestic violence can be defined as an incident or threatening behavior regarding violence or abuse between adults who are or have been considered intimate partners (Bradbury-Jones, C., Duncan, F., Kroll, T., Moy, M., Taylor, J. 2011, p 35). Domestic Violence is a serious and prevalent health issue that affects victimsRead MorePhysical and Psychological Effects of Domestic Violence on Women1593 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Domestic violence is the leading cause of injury to women in the United States† (Jones 87). Every twelve seconds, a woman is beaten by a man (Jones 6). Every nine days, a woman is murdered by her husband or boyfriend (Jones 7). Statistics like these outline the severity and seriousness of the domestic violence epidemic in this country. Unfortunately, it has taken lawmakers too long to recognize domestic violence as a devastating situation that affects millions of people both physicallyRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women1654 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Violence against women has been recognised internationally by the world Health Organization (WHO, 2013).Women has been facing different types of violence since the age of 15 such as physical, emotional or verbal abuse. The highest prevalence of domestic violence (DV) is from their intimate partner/perpetrator both physical emotional (WHO, 2013). It has been depicted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS, 2013) that rate of domestic violence against women by their intimateRead Morewomen against violence - violence in the home1468 Words   |  6 Pages Violence In The Home â€Æ' Violence in the Home Domestic violence has been a critical issue impacting women globally for many years, in which extreme acts of violence and aggression are put forth as they dominate their partner in such forms of verbal, physical, sexual, emotional, psychological, and physical, abuse. These behaviours said to be socially learned and are a criminal act when caught or reported to law enforcement. â€Å"Nearly two-thirds of women who reported being rapedRead MoreViolence Against Women1315 Words   |  6 PagesViolence Against Women Hypothesis: Is society doing enough to stop domestic violence against women? Society is NOT doing enough to stop domestic violence against women because about one out of every two women every year is abused in anyway (sexual assault/rape, battering/physical violence, emotional/verbal abuse, stalking, sexual harassment, human trafficking, etc.) Even though there is awareness than there was in the past decades about preventing violence against women, the crime is still continued

Effectiveness of Distribution & Transportation-Free Samples

Question: Disucss about the effectiveness of Distribution and Transportation in fulfilling the Objectives and Goals of Nestle. Answer: Introduction The movement of raw materials, finished products animals, and people highlight the concept of transport and distribution. With the help of transport and distribution, the business organizations move the product from one to another using various modes of transportation. Space, cable, rail, pipeline, water, and road are the major modes of transportation. Management of people, operations, infrastructure, and vehicles are the key features of transport and distribution. From the industrial perspectives, transport and distribution are defined as the delivery of products and materials at the right time to the customers (Payaud, 2014). This report highlights the effectiveness of distribution and transportation in fulfilling the objectives and goals of Nestle. Key Information about Nestle Nestle is one of the internationally recognized Health, Wellness and Nutrition Company that dates back its origin in 1866 in Switzerland. Since the establishment, the company has expanded globally to countries such as the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, and Asia. Considering the mission of the company Good Food, Good Life, the company provides highly nutritious food and beverage to the customers. Frozen desserts, meals, pet care food, chocolates, ice creams, coffee, wafers, beverages, and confectionery are some of the most popular brands of Nestle. The company generated an annual revenue of 9.066 billion in 2015 that was comparatively lower from the profit generated in 2014, that was, approximately 14.456 ("Nestle", 2017). Within the cultural category, Nestle ranked within the top 10 as one of the most admired and popular companies in 2013. Since the establishment of the company, the company has always strived to enhance the life of the customers by providing them with highly nutritious and healthy food. The company has developed their products with the aim of helping and caring for the customers and their family. Therefore, the main motto of the company is to support and encourage people in leading a healthy life. One of the core values of Nestle is respect. The company believes in respecting their customers, the future generation along with the surrounding environment, global diversity and culture. However, Mondelez International Inc. Danone, Mars, and Cadbury are the major competitors of Nestle ("Nestle", 2017). Incoterms selection consideration Analysing the effectiveness of transport capability of Nestle From the daily perspectives, from over 1600 warehouses, Nestle transports and distributes an estimated 140,000 tons of products to the consumer markets (Sethi, 2012). Nestle distributes and transports the raw and finished products in collaboration with the logistics that travels approximately 270 times regularly around the world. The Nestle products are generally transported to the customers in the end after being distributed from the factory to the distribution centres. Nestle is able to analyse the environmental performance and enhance the efficiency of the network by decreasing the level of noise, traffic congestion, emission of greenhouse gases, mileage and consumption of fuel (Pfitzer, Bockstette Stamp, 2013). Distribution and Transportation Approach by Nestle Nestle has developed the distribution and transportation approach according to the environmental sustainability. The main concern of the approach includes: Extensive training for the drivers in order to gain the ability to handle both safety and environmental issues effectively Optimizing the distribution networks and routes for conducting the operations In order to improve the options of transportation by exploring the opportunities extensively by selecting alternative transportation modes along with recognizing less harmful sources of fuels. Increasing the use of vehicles, analysing the network of the strategic distribution along with minimizing the rate of empty transportation are some of the methods of optimizing the performance of the company (Smith, 2012). However, route planning is one of the ongoing processes of optimizing the fleet operations for Nestle. Based on the sustainable business approach by Nestle, the company aim towards eliminating the traditional modes of transportation and use rail or short-sea freight (Biswas et al., 2013). For example, Nestle aim towards mitigating the use of fossil fuels but increasing the use of natural gases in order to reduce the adverse environmental impact of transportation. From the warehouse perspective, Nestle aims towards reducing the rate of energy consumption along with selecting an alternative source of renewable energy. Additionally, Nestle also aims towards developing and implementing new distribution and transportation technologies that includes unique and innovative ideas that will help the company to ensure effective environmental improvements (Rahman, 2017). Incoterms used by Nestle Free Onboard Vessels are used by Nestle to transport and distribute their products from warehouses to respective destinations. The International Chamber of Commerce defines Free Onboard Vessels a mixture that enforces the seller to bring the goods from the port along with clearing the goods for export and confirming that the products are loaded onto the ship that will take it to the buyer (Dolley-Sonneville, Romeo Melkoumian, 2013). The buyer is able to determine the risk only when the goods have cleared the railing process. According to the concept of Free Onboard Vessels, Nestle transports the product that needs to be exported which is then loaded onto the vessel selected by the buyer. All the costs and risks are transferred to the buyer, once the products are loaded to the vessel by Nestle. Figure 1: Incoterms used by Nestle (Source: Rojas-Rueda et al., 2012) Carrier selection criteria Nestle selected the carrier for transportation of the raw and finished products based on three main factors. The factors include increasing the efficiency of transportation, reduction the emission greenhouse gases and decreasing the cost of transportation and distribution. The significance of the aforementioned factors in selecting the most suitable factors are discussed below. Modal shifts Nestle aims towards implementing a more sustainable business approach by reducing the emission of greenhouse gases while transporting and distributing their raw materials or finished products (Rabl Nazelle, 2012). Therefore, Nestle has decided to the long distance transportation and distribution of their products through sea or rail instead of roads. This approach or modal shift will allow Nestle to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases along with avoiding traffic congestion and increasing the efficiency. By 2016, according to the EU Marco Polo Project initiated by Nestle, the company aim towards transporting and distributing 360,000 tons of pet care, water, and cereal products through rail instead of the road. This initiative will allow Nestle to withdraw almost 5000 trucks annually. In accordance with the initiative, Nestle is going to take the advantage of the rail connections between Italy, Germany, Slovakia, and France. Successful and effective execution of the strategy will allow Nestle to save approximately 2.8 million in the coming three years (Maizlish et al., 2013). Nestle aims towards launching another project named Green Alps Project under which the company proposes to distribute the raw materials and products between Italy and France solely through the train. The successful execution of the project will help in reducing approximately 2.3 million greenhouse gases, as 2800 trucks will be taken off the road thereby saving 750,000 (Rojas-Rueda et al., 2012). Fleet vehicles Nestle currently has approximately 2000 fleet of trucks that are used for distributing and delivering pizza and ice cream to the customers along with using several technological advancements that are used for the freezer cabinets. Eutectic freezer plates are used while constructing the new trucks. This allows the trucks to cool overnight when the trucks are stationed in the distribution center. Additionally, for reducing the idling time of the trucks GPS system such as Telematics are installed within the trucks. The installation of Telematics has helped Nestle to reduce the idling time of the trucks by 32% in the last two years thereby, saving almost 250,000 gallons of fuels. Additionally, the company has also increased the environmental and safety efficiency programs for the drivers (Ellison, Greaves Hensher, 2013). Use of alternative fuels With the aim of reducing the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, Nestle has continuously explored other means of using environmentally friendly fuels. In accordance with the aim of reducing the emission of greenhouse gases, the water segment of Nestle in North America has approximately 28 trucks that are powered by gas. By the end of 2016, Nestle is also aiming towards maximising the propane driven trucks by 200. Moreover, in Italy, Nestle has agreed that an estimated 15 trucks will use liquefied natural gas while distributing and transporting the products. By the end of 2016, the Nestle Waters of Thailand aims towards maximising the number of trucks that will use natural gas (Lee, Speight Loyalka, 2014). Carrier relationship management The main components of carrier relationship management include optimizing the use of vehicles and planning of the route along with reducing the cost and adverse environmental impact by mitigating the use of empty trucks. As commented by Han Murphy (2012), trucks with limited loads are inefficient and costly. Therefore, Nestle is aiming towards utilizing the entire capacity of the trucks while distribution and transportation of products. The maximum volume and weight of the product limit the total load carried by the truck at any time. However, exceeding the total weight of the load thereby reduces the distribution and transportation cost by $5 million. This eventually reduces in decreasing an estimated 29,000 tons of greenhouse gases annually. Nestle is aiming towards ensuring that each vehicle leaving the loading site are completely full in order to decrease the emission of greenhouse gases by making an effort of reducing the environmental pollution. In order to increase the backha uling, Nestle has combined the outbound and inbound trucks along with optimizing the loads planning and routes by the distribution and transportation management. Additionally, Nestle shares the transportation facilities with partners such as suppliers, manufacturers, and retailers (Lee, Speight Loyalka, 2014). Effective use of the delivery vehicles is ensured by Nestle with adequate cooperation from the suppliers and the customers. Therefore, the company has ensured that after delivering the product, the delivery trucks of Nestle does not travel empty. As a result, Nestle has installed transport control centres. The installation of transport control centres provided an opportunity for Nestle to visualize the transportation circuits thereby, preventing the travelling of empty trucks after delivering the products. Additionally, Nestle has installed the circuit at a global scale in order to enhance the use of delivery trucks and containers. After installation of the transport control centre, 10 distribution channels of Nestle has been redesigned globally in order to enhance the efficiency of the distribution and transport efficiency. For example, Nestle has established only one company for packaging of the raw materials, distribution centre and import and export warehouse in the Middle East. This gave rise to synchronized transportation along with reduced empty trips by the trucks. Approximately 2000 tons of emitted carbon dioxide is reduced due to Nestls redesigned distribution and transportation networks (Rodrigues et al., 2014). Nestle is the owner of the largest fleet in the United States. This is because Nestle directly distributes, delivers and transports frozen products and water to offices, stores, and residents. Considering the optimization perspective, pizza and ice cream are directly transported from the store. The implementation of the approach is aimed towards recognizing new distribution and route planning thereby, saving the fuel consumption by 3.7 million litres annually (McKinnon, 2012). Conclusion In this paper, it can be concluded that transport and distribution aim towards delivering the products and materials to the target customers, business and government. The effective warehousing, trained workers and managing the distribution appropriately determine the success of transport and distribution. The transport and distribution system includes the combined effort of the various stakeholders such as the carriers, planners, transport managers and the employees. Therefore, the distribution and transportation system implemented by Nestle is both effective and efficient. It can also be concluded that Nestle has successfully invested in various programs and projects in order to enhance the transportation standard. Reducing the emission of carbon dioxide along with the operational cost are some of the steps undertaken by Nestle to increase the efficiency of the distribution and transportation method. Moreover, Nestle has undertaken several other initiatives of improving the distribu tion and transportation. The initiative includes optimizing the using of the vehicle capacity along with cutting down the environmental pollution by prohibiting the use of empty trucks. Nestle has also taken suitable measures for cutting down the operational costs by improving the distribution networks and optimizing the planning route of distribution of the goods References Biswas, A. K., Tortajada, C., Biswas-Tortajada, A., Joshi, Y. K., Gupta, A. (2013). Creating Shared Value: Impacts of Nestl in Moga, India. Springer Science Business Media. Dolley-Sonneville, P. J., Romeo, L. E., Melkoumian, Z. K. (2013). Synthetic surface for expansion of human mesenchymal stem cells in xeno-free, chemically defined culture conditions. PloS one, 8(8), e70263. Ellison, R. B., Greaves, S. P., Hensher, D. A. (2013). Five years of Londons low emission zone: Effects on vehicle fleet composition and air quality. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 23, 25-33. Han, S. K., Murphy, G. E. (2012). Solving a woody biomass truck scheduling problem for a transport company in Western Oregon, USA. Biomass and bioenergy, 44, 47-55. Lee, S., Speight, J. G., Loyalka, S. K. (Eds.). (2014). Handbook of alternative fuel technologies. crc Press. Maizlish, N., Woodcock, J., Co, S., Ostro, B., Fanai, A., Fairley, D. (2013). Health cobenefits and transportation-related reductions in greenhouse gas emissions in the San Francisco Bay area. American Journal of Public Health, 103(4), 703-709. McKinnon, A. C. (2012). Reducing energy consumption and emissions in the logistics sector. In Energy, transport, the environment (pp. 521-537). Springer London. Nestle. (2017). Nestle.com. Retrieved 7 November 2017, from https://www.nestle.com/aboutus Nestle. (2017). Nestle.com. Retrieved 7 November 2017, from https://www.nestle.com/stories#/category/featured-stories/1 Payaud, M. A. (2014). Marketing strategies at the bottom of the pyramid: Examples from Nestle, Danone, and Procter Gamble. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 33(2), 51-63. Pfitzer, M., Bockstette, V., Stamp, M. (2013). Innovating for shared value. Harvard Business Review, 91(9), 100-107. Rabl, A., De Nazelle, A. (2012). Benefits of shift from car to active transport. Transport policy, 19(1), 121-131. Rahman, N. (2017). Supply chain of Nestl Bangladesh. Rodrigues, V. S., Beresford, A., Pettit, S., Bhattacharya, S., Harris, I. (2014). Assessing the cost and CO 2 e impacts of rerouteing UK import containers. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 61, 53-67. Rojas-Rueda, D., De Nazelle, A., Teixid, O., Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J. (2012). Replacing car trips by increasing bike and public transport in the greater Barcelona metropolitan area: a health impact assessment study. Environment international, 49, 100-109. Sethi, S. P. (2012). Multinational corporations and the impact of public advocacy on corporate strategy: Nestle and the infant formula controversy (Vol. 6). Springer Science Business Media. Smith, E. (2012). Corporate image and public health: an analysis of the Philip Morris, Kraft, and Nestle websites. Journal of health communication, 17(5), 582-600.

Robert E. Lee Essays (1877 words) - Fitzhugh Family Of Virginia

Robert E. Lee Throughout history, there have been people whose names and faces have become synonymous with the time periods in which they lived. For example, Julius Caesar is synonymous with the late Roman Republic and George Washington is synonymous with the American Revolution. Just like these two men, the name Robert E. Lee has become synonymous with the American Civil War. Not only did Lee rise to become the most important and recognizable person in the Southern Confederacy, but his honor and virtuous acts during and after the war made him a hero to modern-day Americans. Even though he fought for what many consider the morally erroneous side of the war, the virtues of his character have made him a figure in American history that should be honored and remembered. Robert Edward Lee was born at Stratford Westmoreland County, Virginia, on January 19, 1807. Lee was the fourth of five children (the third son) of Ann Hill Carter Lee and Henry (?Light-Horse Harry?) Lee. Two children of Henry Lee's first marriage also lived with the family (Thomas 916). Henry Lee had been a hero during the Revolutionary War and served as the governor of Virginia and a member of Congress. By the time Robert was born, his father's fortune and estates were in shambles. Henry Lee was never very good at managing his estates and in 1809, was forced into prison due to the severity of his debts. Three years later, freed from jail, he was involved in a political brawl in Baltimore where he was beaten and disfigured for life. In an attempt to flee from debtors and reconsolidate his money, Henry Lee fled to Barbados. He died in 1818, never having seen his family again. Robert E. Lee's older half-brother Henry Lee Jr., further dishonored the family in 1820 when it was discovered that he had seduced and impregnated his wife's nine-teen year old sister. Despite the mistakes his father and brother made, Lee managed to grow learning the ways of a true Southern gentleman. The departure of his father and two older half-brothers made Lee the man of the house at an early age. His mother, Ann Carter, raised Lee in modest circumstances and helped him to learn standard of conduct. Lee grew up in modest conditions, and though he received the normal education for someone of his class, he had to earn his own living and didn't live the easy-going plantation life that most members of his family did. Since his mother did not have sufficient cash to send Lee to go to college, he chose instead to enter West Point military and academy. He entered in 1825 at the age of 18. At West Point Lee excelled tremendously. He finished second in his class and didn't receive one demerit during his four years there (A feat that has yet to be repeated since then). Lee entered Engineer Corps after graduation where he was employed to build and maintain military insta llations and assist the Federal Government in the enormous work of providing internal improvements in order to settle border disputes on the frontier lands. Lee married Mary Custis in July of 1831. Mary Custis was the daughter of Mary Fitzhugh Custis and George Washington Custis, who was the adopted son of George Washington. Lee became the heir to Washington although the marriage did not bring Lee any financial benefits until Mary's father died in 1857. Until then, he had to support his wife and 7 children almost solely on his army officer's salary. During this time his contemporaries almost always regarded Lee in a positive manner. He was very handsome and made friends easily with both sexes. People often used the adjective ?noble' to describe him. He never smoked, only drank an occasional glass of wine and always kept his temper. He was a good son to his mother, who he personally nursed through her final illness, a good husband to his, often selfish, wife and a good father to his children. ?He was quiet and dignified in manner, of cheerful disposition, always a gentleman (Earle 28).? Lee served on the staff of his West Point friend Winfield Scott during the Vera Cruz campaign to Mexico City during the war