The Differences Between The And Of The People And African...

Worldwide, injustice and adversity are issues that have past subsisted, causing pain and suffering to many. However, there have been several events and individuals of the Indigenous Australian and African American culture, who have demonstrated that throughout times of injustice and adversity, morality exists. As outlined in Deuteronomy 1:39 – â€Å"We are born into a world full of evil as well as good. We are not born with the understanding, but we all must learn to tell the difference between them.† This quote particularly reflects upon the idea of Morality, which can be defined as, ‘the distinction between right and wrong, or good and bad behaviour’. In order to understand the values of morality, God has provided Christianity with morals to live and abide by. These morals are preached through The 10 commandments and Beatitudes. The Ten Commandments are eternal gospel principles, which God revealed to Moses in Exodus 20:1–17. Likewise, The Beatitudes are the eight declarations of blessedness, spoken by Jesus at the beginning of the Sermon on the Mount, in Matthew 5:3-12. However, despite the fact that we have been given the gift of the 10 Commandments and Beatitudes, it is not unforeseen that due to our free will and sinful nature, many Indigenous Australians and African Americans have endured many challenges implicating injustice. The Stolen Generations is a dark chapter in Australia s history, which saw the breaching of the eighth commandment – ‘You shall not steal’Show MoreRelatedEssential Differences in Terms of Black and African American Essay942 Words   |  4 PagesBlack, Not African American†, the term â€Å"African American† is being stressed out and misused. McWhorter says, â€Å"It’s time we descendants of slaves brought to the United States let go of the term â€Å"African American† and go back to calling ourselves black – with a capital B† (527). I agree with McWhorter’s argument about calling African American’s Black. I feel people should not be addressing a person as an â€Å"Italian American†, if one has a heritage in America. So why should the term African American be treatedRead MoreAfrican Americans: Autoethnography. This Past Saturday1712 Words   |  7 PagesAfrican Americans: Autoethnography This past Saturday I attended my neighbors daughters baby shower, whom I have known for about a year. My neighbor is an African American woman, and so is her daughter, along with their family and friends. I didn’t think anything different about myself attending a baby shower and being surrounded by all African American females, until I got this assignment, then it really made me open my eyes when engaging. I was the only white female at this event, and the onlyRead MoreThoughts on Characteristics of Race and Gender: Du Bois vs. De Beauvoir1146 Words   |  5 Pagesrace and gender In the debate over equality for both African-Americans and women, the question of nature versus nurture inevitably arises. Although most authors acknowledge that there are differences between these historically discriminated-against groups and members of the hegemonic culture, the origin of those differences has been hotly debated. While the African-American intellectual W.E.B Du Bois was inclined to conceptualize African-Americans as a race, feminists of the 1950s like Simone DeRead MoreA Brief Note On Multiple Factors Contributing And Racial Inequality1134 Words   |  5 Pagesracial inequality. Under those circumstances, many people have this belief that a particular ethnic group is superior compared to others. For instance, Berlin states, â€Å"white people set black people apart socially and ideologically. The belief that people of African descent were somehow different, if not in origins then certainly by experience and perhaps by nature.† For this reason, racism is di fferent in different parts of the world. Different cultures teach different values to their citizens. UltimatelyRead MoreHeredity, Culture, And Environment1064 Words   |  5 PagesHave you ever thought about different cultures and heredities? In my report, I m going to talk about how heredity, culture, and environment can all influence patient behavior in the medical office. Let s first talk about the first one heredity that are the traits that we inherit from our parents and grandparents. We get them from our parents of course. It will have an impact on what they do and don t believe that work for them in terms of a medical solution. Each person is passed down from generationRead MoreCulture Is A Common Way Of Life Essay1190 Words   |  5 PagesCULTURAL DIFFERENCES STUDENT NAME STUDENT SCHOOL â€Æ' Abstract According to Christopher Dawson, culture is a common way of life. It is a shared set of learned beliefs, values, assumptions, attitudes and behaviours that differentiate a particular group of people from others(Wederspahn, 2009. p.19). Fundamental differences among people all stem from nationality, ethnicity and culture. Family background and individual experiences also contribute to these differences. These lead to differences in practicesRead More Dominicans And Afro-americans Essay944 Words   |  4 Pagestoday, there is a large and diverse African-American population. Within this population, there are several ethnic groups. The other ethnic group similar to Afro-Americans is Dominicans. Not only are they both minorities, but they also look similar as well. Both Dominicans and Afro-Americans are originally from Africa, but their slave masters separated them into two different cultures. African-Americans was African slaves of Americans, and Dominicans were African slaves of the S panish. Hevesi of theRead MoreThe Innate Genius Behind By Langston Hughes944 Words   |  4 PagesLangston Hughes was a pioneer of African-American literature and while he wrote an abundance of short stories, essays and plays, he is most well-known for his poetry. The innate genius behind these poems was that he wrote about the everyday lives of American men and women using simple and easily relatable language to invoke a sense of grand importance that most people could understand. His poetry presents a commentary in which both races can begin to better understand one another and also critiquesRead MoreBody Image : The African American Culture1667 Words   |  7 PagesImage in the African American Culture Today we live in a society that over the years has become so obsessed with body image and how an individual should look. Different cultures have different standards and norms that help to define their ideal body image. African Americans because of their differences in culture have gone against most cultural norms and have set their own definitions of beauty, body image, and body satisfaction. Because of these key differences, the African American communityRead MoreAfrican American Studies : The Matrix Of American Ethnic Studies972 Words   |  4 Pageschange. Using Color-Line To Borderlands: The Matrix of American Ethnic Studies, I will focus on the following Ethnic Studies and their goals: African American Studies, Women’s Studies, Chicano/a Studies, Native American Studies, and Asian American Studies, and Queer Studies. African American studies, which can be seen as the first Ethnic Studies to be introduced in Academia has several values that they want to embody. Originally, African American studies was a grassroots student-led response to institutional

Essay on Domestic Violence is Primary Abuse of Women

The primary types of violence that women experience are those that are perpetrated by a husband or an intimate male partner (Levitt, Swanger, Butler, 2008, p. 435; WHO, 2010). Intimate partner violence (IPV) includes physical and emotional abuse, forced intercourse or sexually degrading acts, and various controlling behaviors, such as isolation from family and friends and restriction from economic independence. These different types of abuse, in most cases, coincide over extended periods of time (WHO, 2010). Based on recent findings, the prevalence of domestic violence around the world has been proven to be quite high. In 2005, the WHO interviewed over 24,000 women between the ages of 15 and 49 years in various Asian, African, and†¦show more content†¦Religion has a tremendous influence on an individual’s behaviors and attitudes in public and private domains, all of which can potentially affect health outcomes (Chatters, 2000). Like most social determinants, religion has its positive and negative attributes on health. Theological emphases on love, compassion, and righteousness in a variety of religious faiths can be helpful for social and coping resources, encouraging positive attitudes and emotions, and endorsing specific health-promoting lifestyle and behaviors (Flood Pease, 2009). However, with regard to IPV, several doctrines can be used, or sometimes misused, by perpetrators of violence to justify the brutality they conduct against women or to sustain the ideolog y on women’s vulnerability (Flood Pease, 2009). Religious beliefs that exemplify patriarchal cultural norms by upholding masculine ideals and women’s subordination have been cited as one of the main contributing factors to IPV due to the unequal power ascribed within the relationship (Levitt et al., 2008). Men who believe that it is acceptable to physically harm their wives have twice the risk of perpetrating IPV, and like a dose-response relationship, the risk increased as acceptance of violence supported by religious dogma increased (WHO, 2010). IPV has received increasingShow MoreRelatedPrimary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Care for Domestic Violence1427 Words   |  6 PagesInterventions to Combating Domestic Violence Domestic Violence: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Interventions Jason Holt, RN Grand Canyon University NRS429V Diana Anderson, RN, MSNEd, CMSRN August 27, 2010 Domestic Violence: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Interventions Approximately 2 million American women are assaulted each year at the hands of their intimate partner and an estimated 1,200 are murdered as a result of intimate partner abuse (Black, M.C, Breiding, M.JRead MoreDomestic Violence: A Cause of Homelessness in Women Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagestruth in her household. Domestic violence is greatly on the rise and is one of the leading causes of homelessness among women in todays society. Rather than approach domestic violence as a direct cause of homelessness, one might hope to understand how such violence could help create the circumstances that might make a woman more susceptible to homelessness. Domestic violence and poverty may intersect with other issues to produce the circumstances that often leave women no other choice but to seekRead MoreDomestic Violence Is Not A New Phenomenon Essay1595 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence is not a new phenomenon. It holds a long standing in Western culture and is an ongoing societal problem claiming millions of victims each year. Early approaches to domestic violence was constructed under the 19th century English common law, believing that under such laws a man was permitted to discipline his wife through physical punishment. Michelle Collins (2012), notes that in order to understand the impact society has on domestic violence or vice versa, it is important to defineRead MoreAnalysis Of Rhonda Copelon s Article Intim ate Terror 878 Words   |  4 Pageson the primary issue being written about. These writing tactics are powerful tools, keeping the reader interested, curious, and open-minded. Because the topic of this article is so controversial and uncomfortable, the usefulness of such writing tools increases exponentially. Through a bold and intense use of written word, Copelon presents her ideas on domestic violence within the private household very successfully. In this article, the author’s primary focus is comparing violent domestic abuseRead MoreBook Review of Domestic Violence1329 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Book Review on â€Å"Domestic Violence: The 12 Things You Aren’t Supposed to Know† Written By: Thomas James T.B. James has written a hard-hitting and incisive book focusing on current myths about domestic violence in the United States that turns the conventional approach on its ear (Domestic Violence: The 12 Things You Aren’t Supposed to Know, 2003). A practicing attorney in Minnesota and founder/director of Better Resolutions Mediation Service, James’s shortRead MoreDomestic Violence : A Global Phenomenon1653 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Domestic violence is considered a global phenomenon; research suggests that up to fifty percent of women worldwide have been physically abused by their intimate partner. Domestic violence can be defined as an incident or threatening behavior regarding violence or abuse between adults who are or have been considered intimate partners (Bradbury-Jones, C., Duncan, F., Kroll, T., Moy, M., Taylor, J. 2011, p 35). Domestic Violence is a serious and prevalent health issue that affects victimsRead MorePhysical and Psychological Effects of Domestic Violence on Women1593 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Domestic violence is the leading cause of injury to women in the United States† (Jones 87). Every twelve seconds, a woman is beaten by a man (Jones 6). Every nine days, a woman is murdered by her husband or boyfriend (Jones 7). Statistics like these outline the severity and seriousness of the domestic violence epidemic in this country. Unfortunately, it has taken lawmakers too long to recognize domestic violence as a devastating situation that affects millions of people both physicallyRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women1654 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Violence against women has been recognised internationally by the world Health Organization (WHO, 2013).Women has been facing different types of violence since the age of 15 such as physical, emotional or verbal abuse. The highest prevalence of domestic violence (DV) is from their intimate partner/perpetrator both physical emotional (WHO, 2013). It has been depicted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS, 2013) that rate of domestic violence against women by their intimateRead Morewomen against violence - violence in the home1468 Words   |  6 Pages Violence In The Home â€Æ' Violence in the Home Domestic violence has been a critical issue impacting women globally for many years, in which extreme acts of violence and aggression are put forth as they dominate their partner in such forms of verbal, physical, sexual, emotional, psychological, and physical, abuse. These behaviours said to be socially learned and are a criminal act when caught or reported to law enforcement. â€Å"Nearly two-thirds of women who reported being rapedRead MoreViolence Against Women1315 Words   |  6 PagesViolence Against Women Hypothesis: Is society doing enough to stop domestic violence against women? Society is NOT doing enough to stop domestic violence against women because about one out of every two women every year is abused in anyway (sexual assault/rape, battering/physical violence, emotional/verbal abuse, stalking, sexual harassment, human trafficking, etc.) Even though there is awareness than there was in the past decades about preventing violence against women, the crime is still continued

Effectiveness of Distribution & Transportation-Free Samples

Question: Disucss about the effectiveness of Distribution and Transportation in fulfilling the Objectives and Goals of Nestle. Answer: Introduction The movement of raw materials, finished products animals, and people highlight the concept of transport and distribution. With the help of transport and distribution, the business organizations move the product from one to another using various modes of transportation. Space, cable, rail, pipeline, water, and road are the major modes of transportation. Management of people, operations, infrastructure, and vehicles are the key features of transport and distribution. From the industrial perspectives, transport and distribution are defined as the delivery of products and materials at the right time to the customers (Payaud, 2014). This report highlights the effectiveness of distribution and transportation in fulfilling the objectives and goals of Nestle. Key Information about Nestle Nestle is one of the internationally recognized Health, Wellness and Nutrition Company that dates back its origin in 1866 in Switzerland. Since the establishment, the company has expanded globally to countries such as the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, and Asia. Considering the mission of the company Good Food, Good Life, the company provides highly nutritious food and beverage to the customers. Frozen desserts, meals, pet care food, chocolates, ice creams, coffee, wafers, beverages, and confectionery are some of the most popular brands of Nestle. The company generated an annual revenue of 9.066 billion in 2015 that was comparatively lower from the profit generated in 2014, that was, approximately 14.456 ("Nestle", 2017). Within the cultural category, Nestle ranked within the top 10 as one of the most admired and popular companies in 2013. Since the establishment of the company, the company has always strived to enhance the life of the customers by providing them with highly nutritious and healthy food. The company has developed their products with the aim of helping and caring for the customers and their family. Therefore, the main motto of the company is to support and encourage people in leading a healthy life. One of the core values of Nestle is respect. The company believes in respecting their customers, the future generation along with the surrounding environment, global diversity and culture. However, Mondelez International Inc. Danone, Mars, and Cadbury are the major competitors of Nestle ("Nestle", 2017). Incoterms selection consideration Analysing the effectiveness of transport capability of Nestle From the daily perspectives, from over 1600 warehouses, Nestle transports and distributes an estimated 140,000 tons of products to the consumer markets (Sethi, 2012). Nestle distributes and transports the raw and finished products in collaboration with the logistics that travels approximately 270 times regularly around the world. The Nestle products are generally transported to the customers in the end after being distributed from the factory to the distribution centres. Nestle is able to analyse the environmental performance and enhance the efficiency of the network by decreasing the level of noise, traffic congestion, emission of greenhouse gases, mileage and consumption of fuel (Pfitzer, Bockstette Stamp, 2013). Distribution and Transportation Approach by Nestle Nestle has developed the distribution and transportation approach according to the environmental sustainability. The main concern of the approach includes: Extensive training for the drivers in order to gain the ability to handle both safety and environmental issues effectively Optimizing the distribution networks and routes for conducting the operations In order to improve the options of transportation by exploring the opportunities extensively by selecting alternative transportation modes along with recognizing less harmful sources of fuels. Increasing the use of vehicles, analysing the network of the strategic distribution along with minimizing the rate of empty transportation are some of the methods of optimizing the performance of the company (Smith, 2012). However, route planning is one of the ongoing processes of optimizing the fleet operations for Nestle. Based on the sustainable business approach by Nestle, the company aim towards eliminating the traditional modes of transportation and use rail or short-sea freight (Biswas et al., 2013). For example, Nestle aim towards mitigating the use of fossil fuels but increasing the use of natural gases in order to reduce the adverse environmental impact of transportation. From the warehouse perspective, Nestle aims towards reducing the rate of energy consumption along with selecting an alternative source of renewable energy. Additionally, Nestle also aims towards developing and implementing new distribution and transportation technologies that includes unique and innovative ideas that will help the company to ensure effective environmental improvements (Rahman, 2017). Incoterms used by Nestle Free Onboard Vessels are used by Nestle to transport and distribute their products from warehouses to respective destinations. The International Chamber of Commerce defines Free Onboard Vessels a mixture that enforces the seller to bring the goods from the port along with clearing the goods for export and confirming that the products are loaded onto the ship that will take it to the buyer (Dolley-Sonneville, Romeo Melkoumian, 2013). The buyer is able to determine the risk only when the goods have cleared the railing process. According to the concept of Free Onboard Vessels, Nestle transports the product that needs to be exported which is then loaded onto the vessel selected by the buyer. All the costs and risks are transferred to the buyer, once the products are loaded to the vessel by Nestle. Figure 1: Incoterms used by Nestle (Source: Rojas-Rueda et al., 2012) Carrier selection criteria Nestle selected the carrier for transportation of the raw and finished products based on three main factors. The factors include increasing the efficiency of transportation, reduction the emission greenhouse gases and decreasing the cost of transportation and distribution. The significance of the aforementioned factors in selecting the most suitable factors are discussed below. Modal shifts Nestle aims towards implementing a more sustainable business approach by reducing the emission of greenhouse gases while transporting and distributing their raw materials or finished products (Rabl Nazelle, 2012). Therefore, Nestle has decided to the long distance transportation and distribution of their products through sea or rail instead of roads. This approach or modal shift will allow Nestle to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases along with avoiding traffic congestion and increasing the efficiency. By 2016, according to the EU Marco Polo Project initiated by Nestle, the company aim towards transporting and distributing 360,000 tons of pet care, water, and cereal products through rail instead of the road. This initiative will allow Nestle to withdraw almost 5000 trucks annually. In accordance with the initiative, Nestle is going to take the advantage of the rail connections between Italy, Germany, Slovakia, and France. Successful and effective execution of the strategy will allow Nestle to save approximately 2.8 million in the coming three years (Maizlish et al., 2013). Nestle aims towards launching another project named Green Alps Project under which the company proposes to distribute the raw materials and products between Italy and France solely through the train. The successful execution of the project will help in reducing approximately 2.3 million greenhouse gases, as 2800 trucks will be taken off the road thereby saving 750,000 (Rojas-Rueda et al., 2012). Fleet vehicles Nestle currently has approximately 2000 fleet of trucks that are used for distributing and delivering pizza and ice cream to the customers along with using several technological advancements that are used for the freezer cabinets. Eutectic freezer plates are used while constructing the new trucks. This allows the trucks to cool overnight when the trucks are stationed in the distribution center. Additionally, for reducing the idling time of the trucks GPS system such as Telematics are installed within the trucks. The installation of Telematics has helped Nestle to reduce the idling time of the trucks by 32% in the last two years thereby, saving almost 250,000 gallons of fuels. Additionally, the company has also increased the environmental and safety efficiency programs for the drivers (Ellison, Greaves Hensher, 2013). Use of alternative fuels With the aim of reducing the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, Nestle has continuously explored other means of using environmentally friendly fuels. In accordance with the aim of reducing the emission of greenhouse gases, the water segment of Nestle in North America has approximately 28 trucks that are powered by gas. By the end of 2016, Nestle is also aiming towards maximising the propane driven trucks by 200. Moreover, in Italy, Nestle has agreed that an estimated 15 trucks will use liquefied natural gas while distributing and transporting the products. By the end of 2016, the Nestle Waters of Thailand aims towards maximising the number of trucks that will use natural gas (Lee, Speight Loyalka, 2014). Carrier relationship management The main components of carrier relationship management include optimizing the use of vehicles and planning of the route along with reducing the cost and adverse environmental impact by mitigating the use of empty trucks. As commented by Han Murphy (2012), trucks with limited loads are inefficient and costly. Therefore, Nestle is aiming towards utilizing the entire capacity of the trucks while distribution and transportation of products. The maximum volume and weight of the product limit the total load carried by the truck at any time. However, exceeding the total weight of the load thereby reduces the distribution and transportation cost by $5 million. This eventually reduces in decreasing an estimated 29,000 tons of greenhouse gases annually. Nestle is aiming towards ensuring that each vehicle leaving the loading site are completely full in order to decrease the emission of greenhouse gases by making an effort of reducing the environmental pollution. In order to increase the backha uling, Nestle has combined the outbound and inbound trucks along with optimizing the loads planning and routes by the distribution and transportation management. Additionally, Nestle shares the transportation facilities with partners such as suppliers, manufacturers, and retailers (Lee, Speight Loyalka, 2014). Effective use of the delivery vehicles is ensured by Nestle with adequate cooperation from the suppliers and the customers. Therefore, the company has ensured that after delivering the product, the delivery trucks of Nestle does not travel empty. As a result, Nestle has installed transport control centres. The installation of transport control centres provided an opportunity for Nestle to visualize the transportation circuits thereby, preventing the travelling of empty trucks after delivering the products. Additionally, Nestle has installed the circuit at a global scale in order to enhance the use of delivery trucks and containers. After installation of the transport control centre, 10 distribution channels of Nestle has been redesigned globally in order to enhance the efficiency of the distribution and transport efficiency. For example, Nestle has established only one company for packaging of the raw materials, distribution centre and import and export warehouse in the Middle East. This gave rise to synchronized transportation along with reduced empty trips by the trucks. Approximately 2000 tons of emitted carbon dioxide is reduced due to Nestls redesigned distribution and transportation networks (Rodrigues et al., 2014). Nestle is the owner of the largest fleet in the United States. This is because Nestle directly distributes, delivers and transports frozen products and water to offices, stores, and residents. Considering the optimization perspective, pizza and ice cream are directly transported from the store. The implementation of the approach is aimed towards recognizing new distribution and route planning thereby, saving the fuel consumption by 3.7 million litres annually (McKinnon, 2012). Conclusion In this paper, it can be concluded that transport and distribution aim towards delivering the products and materials to the target customers, business and government. The effective warehousing, trained workers and managing the distribution appropriately determine the success of transport and distribution. The transport and distribution system includes the combined effort of the various stakeholders such as the carriers, planners, transport managers and the employees. Therefore, the distribution and transportation system implemented by Nestle is both effective and efficient. It can also be concluded that Nestle has successfully invested in various programs and projects in order to enhance the transportation standard. Reducing the emission of carbon dioxide along with the operational cost are some of the steps undertaken by Nestle to increase the efficiency of the distribution and transportation method. Moreover, Nestle has undertaken several other initiatives of improving the distribu tion and transportation. The initiative includes optimizing the using of the vehicle capacity along with cutting down the environmental pollution by prohibiting the use of empty trucks. Nestle has also taken suitable measures for cutting down the operational costs by improving the distribution networks and optimizing the planning route of distribution of the goods References Biswas, A. K., Tortajada, C., Biswas-Tortajada, A., Joshi, Y. K., Gupta, A. (2013). Creating Shared Value: Impacts of Nestl in Moga, India. Springer Science Business Media. Dolley-Sonneville, P. J., Romeo, L. E., Melkoumian, Z. K. (2013). Synthetic surface for expansion of human mesenchymal stem cells in xeno-free, chemically defined culture conditions. PloS one, 8(8), e70263. Ellison, R. B., Greaves, S. P., Hensher, D. A. (2013). Five years of Londons low emission zone: Effects on vehicle fleet composition and air quality. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 23, 25-33. Han, S. K., Murphy, G. E. (2012). Solving a woody biomass truck scheduling problem for a transport company in Western Oregon, USA. Biomass and bioenergy, 44, 47-55. Lee, S., Speight, J. G., Loyalka, S. K. (Eds.). (2014). Handbook of alternative fuel technologies. crc Press. Maizlish, N., Woodcock, J., Co, S., Ostro, B., Fanai, A., Fairley, D. (2013). Health cobenefits and transportation-related reductions in greenhouse gas emissions in the San Francisco Bay area. American Journal of Public Health, 103(4), 703-709. McKinnon, A. C. (2012). Reducing energy consumption and emissions in the logistics sector. In Energy, transport, the environment (pp. 521-537). Springer London. Nestle. (2017). Nestle.com. Retrieved 7 November 2017, from https://www.nestle.com/aboutus Nestle. (2017). Nestle.com. Retrieved 7 November 2017, from https://www.nestle.com/stories#/category/featured-stories/1 Payaud, M. A. (2014). Marketing strategies at the bottom of the pyramid: Examples from Nestle, Danone, and Procter Gamble. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 33(2), 51-63. Pfitzer, M., Bockstette, V., Stamp, M. (2013). Innovating for shared value. Harvard Business Review, 91(9), 100-107. Rabl, A., De Nazelle, A. (2012). Benefits of shift from car to active transport. Transport policy, 19(1), 121-131. Rahman, N. (2017). Supply chain of Nestl Bangladesh. Rodrigues, V. S., Beresford, A., Pettit, S., Bhattacharya, S., Harris, I. (2014). Assessing the cost and CO 2 e impacts of rerouteing UK import containers. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 61, 53-67. Rojas-Rueda, D., De Nazelle, A., Teixid, O., Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J. (2012). Replacing car trips by increasing bike and public transport in the greater Barcelona metropolitan area: a health impact assessment study. Environment international, 49, 100-109. Sethi, S. P. (2012). Multinational corporations and the impact of public advocacy on corporate strategy: Nestle and the infant formula controversy (Vol. 6). Springer Science Business Media. Smith, E. (2012). Corporate image and public health: an analysis of the Philip Morris, Kraft, and Nestle websites. Journal of health communication, 17(5), 582-600.

Robert E. Lee Essays (1877 words) - Fitzhugh Family Of Virginia

Robert E. Lee Throughout history, there have been people whose names and faces have become synonymous with the time periods in which they lived. For example, Julius Caesar is synonymous with the late Roman Republic and George Washington is synonymous with the American Revolution. Just like these two men, the name Robert E. Lee has become synonymous with the American Civil War. Not only did Lee rise to become the most important and recognizable person in the Southern Confederacy, but his honor and virtuous acts during and after the war made him a hero to modern-day Americans. Even though he fought for what many consider the morally erroneous side of the war, the virtues of his character have made him a figure in American history that should be honored and remembered. Robert Edward Lee was born at Stratford Westmoreland County, Virginia, on January 19, 1807. Lee was the fourth of five children (the third son) of Ann Hill Carter Lee and Henry (?Light-Horse Harry?) Lee. Two children of Henry Lee's first marriage also lived with the family (Thomas 916). Henry Lee had been a hero during the Revolutionary War and served as the governor of Virginia and a member of Congress. By the time Robert was born, his father's fortune and estates were in shambles. Henry Lee was never very good at managing his estates and in 1809, was forced into prison due to the severity of his debts. Three years later, freed from jail, he was involved in a political brawl in Baltimore where he was beaten and disfigured for life. In an attempt to flee from debtors and reconsolidate his money, Henry Lee fled to Barbados. He died in 1818, never having seen his family again. Robert E. Lee's older half-brother Henry Lee Jr., further dishonored the family in 1820 when it was discovered that he had seduced and impregnated his wife's nine-teen year old sister. Despite the mistakes his father and brother made, Lee managed to grow learning the ways of a true Southern gentleman. The departure of his father and two older half-brothers made Lee the man of the house at an early age. His mother, Ann Carter, raised Lee in modest circumstances and helped him to learn standard of conduct. Lee grew up in modest conditions, and though he received the normal education for someone of his class, he had to earn his own living and didn't live the easy-going plantation life that most members of his family did. Since his mother did not have sufficient cash to send Lee to go to college, he chose instead to enter West Point military and academy. He entered in 1825 at the age of 18. At West Point Lee excelled tremendously. He finished second in his class and didn't receive one demerit during his four years there (A feat that has yet to be repeated since then). Lee entered Engineer Corps after graduation where he was employed to build and maintain military insta llations and assist the Federal Government in the enormous work of providing internal improvements in order to settle border disputes on the frontier lands. Lee married Mary Custis in July of 1831. Mary Custis was the daughter of Mary Fitzhugh Custis and George Washington Custis, who was the adopted son of George Washington. Lee became the heir to Washington although the marriage did not bring Lee any financial benefits until Mary's father died in 1857. Until then, he had to support his wife and 7 children almost solely on his army officer's salary. During this time his contemporaries almost always regarded Lee in a positive manner. He was very handsome and made friends easily with both sexes. People often used the adjective ?noble' to describe him. He never smoked, only drank an occasional glass of wine and always kept his temper. He was a good son to his mother, who he personally nursed through her final illness, a good husband to his, often selfish, wife and a good father to his children. ?He was quiet and dignified in manner, of cheerful disposition, always a gentleman (Earle 28).? Lee served on the staff of his West Point friend Winfield Scott during the Vera Cruz campaign to Mexico City during the war

Article Review of Smoking Essays

Article Review of Smoking Essays Article Review of Smoking Essay Article Review of Smoking Essay Addictive items have become one of the most significant health problems. The countries will be affected medical,economical,legal and social effects because of the use of addictive items. In this study is to identify and compare the number of basic students in Germany and Turkey. Turkey is one of the leading tobacco producing countries as well as of the major tobacco consuming countries. Smoking is very addictive and has effects both on economy and health. That is not easy to quit smoking because in statistic only 2-3% of smokers can quit smoking annually. Many of the adults start smoking at early ages and increase the amount of cigarettes smoked in adulthood. There also people say that smoking is because of personality traits. Up to now,no specific personality traits are identified as a risk for addiction to smoking. The methodology used in this study is survey by using questionnaire. First,the researcher make a sampling. The participants of the study are a total of 1024 German and Turkish basic education. Second,the data were collected through survey questionnaire because this study is an empirical one. Third,the data obtained were analysed by make use of descriptive statistical techniques,especially in the form of means,frequency and percentage. The findings or results in this study suggests that the rate of both German and Turkish students who frequently and sometimes smoke is higher than expected from their ages. However,the rate of the students who tried to smoke in both sample groups is also interesting. The findngs also indicate that the rate of the students who stated that their mothers, fathers, friends and teachers smoke is high. However, the rate of mothers and friends who smoke in the Turkish sample is lower than that in the German sample. Although in both sample groups the rate of the students who may try to smoke once is high, this rate varies between the groups. More specifically, the number of the German students who reported that they may try to smoke is much higher in contrast to Turkish participants.

2 Easy Ways to Get Zinc Metal

2 Easy Ways to Get Zinc Metal Zinc is a common metallic element, used to galvanize nails and found in many alloys and foods. However, its not easy to get zinc from most of these sources and you may have trouble finding a store that sells it. Fortunately, its easy to obtain zinc metal from common products. All it takes is a bit of chemistry know-how. Here are two simple methods to try. Where to Find Zinc in a Penny Although pennies look like copper, they are really made with a thin copper shell that is filled with zinc. Its easy to separate the two metals because they have different melting points. Zinc melts at a lower temperature than copper. When you heat a penny, the zinc runs out and can be collected, leaving you with a hollow penny. To get zinc from a penny, you need: United States pennies (minted in 1982 for the right chemical composition)pliersa gas stove or torcha heat-proof container to collect the zinc Extraction Turn on the stove or torch so it will be hot enough to melt the zinc.Hold a penny with pliers and place it in the tip of the flame. This is the hottest part of a flame. If the metal is not melting, make sure its in the right part of the flame.Youll feel the penny start to soften. Hold it over the container and gently squeeze the penny to release the zinc. Be careful with this process, as the molten metal is very hot! Youll end up with zinc in your container and a hollow copper penny in your pliers.Repeat the process with more pennies until you have as much zinc as you need. Allow the metal to cool before handling it. An alternative to using pennies is to heat galvanized nails. To do this, heat the nails until the zinc runs off of them into your container. Use a Zinc-Carbon Lantern Battery Batteries are useful sources of several chemicals, but some types contain acids or hazardous chemicals, so you shouldnt cut into a battery unless you know exactly what kind it is. To get zinc from a battery, you need: a zinc-carbon batterygloves to protect your hands from sharp edgeswire cutterspliers Extraction Basically, youre going to break open the battery and dismantle it. Start by prying the rim or top off the battery.Once the top is removed, youll see four smaller batteries inside the container that are connected to each other by wires. Cut the wires to disconnect the batteries from each other.Next, youll disassemble each battery. Inside each battery is a rod, which is made of carbon. If you want carbon, you can save this part for other projects.After the rod is removed, youll see a black powder. This is a mixture of manganese dioxide and carbon. You can discard it or place it in a labeled plastic bag to use for other science experiments. The powder will not dissolve in water, so it wont do you any good to rinse the battery. Wipe out the powder to reveal the zinc metal. You may need to cut open the battery to completely remove the powder. Zinc is stable in air, so once you have it, you can put it in any container to store it. Safety Information The chemicals in this project are not particularly hazardous, but either method of obtaining zinc should be performed by an adult. Melting pennies presents a burn hazard if youre not careful. Getting zinc from batteries involves sharp tools and edges. Otherwise, this metal is one of the safest chemicals to obtain. Pure zinc metal does not present a health hazard. If all else fails, you could always buy zinc metal online. Its available as a metal ingot or as a metal powder from sellers.

D Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

D - Essay Example "In today's business, the workforce comprises of people who are diverse in their nationality, religion, caste, race, age, education and even socioeconomic status. They are all expected to work together as a team towards the success of the organization. "(How to resolve ethical dilemmas in business). When there is diversity, people are sure to have different mind sets but this does not mean that the business they are involving themselves in shouldn't follow the ethics. Ethics are very important these days and no company can survive without following ethics, profit making is another thing but profit making and abiding by the ethical responsibility is a completely different thing. I am very eager to learn about developing an effective ethical program in order to learn how to do business and how to simultaneously abide by ethics. Doing so ensures the complete progress of the business. Ethics are like moral values and if a business loses morals, profit making would be of very little use. There are several ethical issues like discrimination, racism etc at the workplace.

BUSINESS ASSIGNMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

BUSINESS ASSIGNMENT - Essay Example The segmentation has been done by using demographics and behavioural strategies. The target market has been chosen after identifying the size and profitability of the segments. After developing the positioning strategy, the marketing mix has been created for the target market. Finally, an overview of the financial plan of Manga Cafe has been discussed. IDENTIFIED PROBLEM The business plan of launching Manga Cafe in London appears to be a unique idea as there is currently not such cafe in London however, because of the aggressive competition among the international brands in the UK Cafe industry; Manga Cafe needs a very well-organised and efficient marketing plan. INDUSTRY COMPETITION Various coffee brands are operating in London; however, the three largest market leaders include Starbucks, Costa Coffee and Nero. The following positioning map shows the positioning of major cafe providers in London based on their quality of services and prices. Starbucks being the market leader is offe ring average quality but at very high prices, therefore, shares of Starbucks are declining not only in UK but in most of its major markets (Bishopric, 2011). Costa is expanding throughout UK because of its reasonable prices and better quality and in 2010/2011, company aims to open 130 more outlets in the UK (Bakeryinfo, 2010). Nero is considered as a cheap brand which offers value through high quality products and services. Positioning Map THE PRODUCT/SERVICE DESCRIPTION Manga Cafes are very popular among the Japanese communities. The increasing number of Japanese residents in the UK builds a strong demand for Manga Cafes in the UK, European and foreign markets. Since there is no Manga Cafe in London yet, therefore, launch of Manga Cafe in London appears to be a feasible business option. This cafe will fulfil the increasing demand of Japanese comics in Europe. The cafe will offer a platform to the people where they can come and enjoy reading Japanese comics. Moreover, additional ser vices will also be offered to entertain the visitors such as Japanese food, internet facility, games and DVDs. The visitors will be charged based on their duration of stay in the cafe. MARKETING PLAN Market Segmentation To segment the market, demographics and behavioral segmentation strategies have been used. In demographics segmentation, the consumers have been segmented based on their age, profession and nationality. Age: The age group structure of London in 2001 is given below (Office for National Statistics, 2002). Age Structure of People in London Source: Office for National Statistics Profession: The second demographic variable is profession and in London people belonging to different professions such as education, workers, professionals, unemployed reside. Nationality: The third demographic variable is nationality and since Manga Cafe is a Japanese cafe therefore, only Japanese nationals will be directly targeted. However, the total population of London in 2009 was 7,686,000 and it includes around people with 34 different nationalities (London.gov.uk, 2010). Table: London Population by Nationality Source: London.gov.uk In behavioral segmentation, the consumers who will be having knowledge, interest and positive attitude towards Japanese culture will be

Argumentative Essay Essay Example for Free

Argumentative Essay Essay Malcolm X expressed the pent up anger, frustration, and bitterness of African Americans during the major phase of the civil rights movement. According to Learning to Read, â€Å"I believe it took me a day. Then, aloud, I read back, to myself, everything I’d written on the tablet. Over and over, aloud, to myself, I read my own handwriting.† (Paragraph 8) This means that he basically read his own handwriting. In Malcolm X’s, Learning to Read, he enhanced his life with reading and comprehension by having to experience his black community being treated wrong and having to go to jail. According to Learning to Read, â€Å"Many who today hear me somewhere in person, or on television, or those who read something I’ve said, will think I went to school far beyond the eighth grade. This impression is due entirely to my prison studies.† (Paragraph 3) This means that he’s known for his famous speech. Either on television or someone who read something that he said. Malcolm X was imprisoned for a long time, and was studying while there. The qualities that he possessed while in prison were phenomenal and not worthy to the white people. But, he didn’t become intelligent in jail for them; he did it for his fellow black community. According to Learning to Read, â€Å"It had really begun back in the Charlestown Prison, when Bimbi first made me feel envy of his stock of knowledge.† (Paragraph 4) This really means that he really didn’t start to read and comprehend until he met Bimbi. However, Bimbi was the first person he met in prison that didn’t use slang language. It was a surprise to Malcolm, because he didn’t know there would ever be anyone learning to read and comprehend like him in jail. On the other hand, how did learning to read aid him to understand the struggle of African Americans in this country? From my understanding, I believe that it aided him by it freeing him physically in his mind. And, it aided him by leading black people in the civil rights movement. According to Learning to Read, â€Å"In my slow, painstaking, ragged handwriting, I copied into my tablet everything printed on that first page, down to the punctuation marks.† (Paragraph 7) This means that he basically was practicing his handwriting while, at the same time, reading the words and comprehending them. Also, how did it enable him to impress people of colors? In my opinion, I believe it enabled him by expanding his knowledge about blacks with the plight they were experiencing. To conclude, the central idea of the text was that reading and comprehension helped him understand the racism in the black community. Malcolm X was basically strong and opinionated. Also, he is ambitious and anxious to get the freedom for his people and for himself. The reason being was because to awaken black people or in other words, spark them.

Math Research Paper -- Essays Papers

Math Research Paper Since the 1980’s calculator use in the classroom has been a huge controversy between educators (Golden, 2000). It is becoming increasingly common to use calculators in the classroom on a regular basis. Some states allow students to use calculators on standardized tests and as part of the regular curriculum (Dion, 2001). Because we live in such a technologically changing world, hand held calculators have been far surpassed and can be purchased for as low as $4.00 each. This low price however, has not swayed the many people that believe calculators are not appropriate in the classroom. These critics argue that calculators take away student’s basic knowledge of mathematics, prevent children from truly understanding mathematical concepts, avert their minds from learning logical reasoning, and give students a false sense of confidence about their mathematical ability (Education World, 2002). â€Å"Kids get to use calculators as a substitute for practice, and they never really understand arithmetic,† says Sandy Stotsky, a teacher in Massachusetts, one of the few states that have taken a back-to-basics approach states (Golden, 2000). Critics also believe that calculators work against learning basic mathematics, and do not allow children to appreciate the nature of math. They believe it takes the thinking out of mathematics (Stoll, 1999). Another argument that is brought up is that low-income and minority elementary school students are more likely to use calculators than middle-income which elementary school children. They are also more likely to score lower on standardized tests. â€Å"At Hazelwood Elementary, where nearly half of the students are black and almost all qualify for subsidized school lunches, 7... ... use in elementary classrooms. Teaching Children Mathematics, 1 (5), 300-304. Education World. (2002). Educators battle over calculator use: Both sides claim casualties. Retrieved February, 22, 2003, from http://www.education-world.com/a_curr/curr072.shtml. Golden, D. (2000). Calculators may be the wrong answer as a 'digital divide' widens in schools. Maple River Education Coalition. Retrieved February, 22, 2003, from http://www.mredcopac.org/update62.htm. Reys, B., Arbaugh, F., Joyner, J. (2001). Clearing up the Confusion over Calculator Use In Grades K-5. Teaching Children Mathematics, 8 (2), 90-95. Reys, R., Lindquist, M., Lambdin, D., Smith, N., Suydan, M. (2003). Helping children learn mathematics (6th ed.). United States of America: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Stoll, C. (1999). High tech heretic. New York: Doubleday.

Expectations of Current Economy Essay

The U. S. economy in 2013 has a projected growth increased to an annual rate of 2. 5 percent in the first quarter, but not enough to meet the expectations made by the economists (Aljazeera 2013). The reason why all of these projections came to be was because of disappointments that came about; plans did not follow through, or because of accident and uncontrollable events. For example, part of the acceleration in activity reflected farmers filling up silos after a drought in the summer decimated their crops output, but the growth rate was a halfhearted 1. percent (Aljazeera 2013). Because of this event that transpired, the economy did need to compensate in other areas for this event not to be an overall bust. To help with the compensation would be all the other fields of the economy such as the spending of the consumer. The consumer spending, accounting for more than two-thirds of US economic activity, increased at a 3. 2 percent. It grew at a 1. 8 percent rate in the fourth quarter of last year (Aljazeera 2013). However consumer spending was not enough to compensate for other downfalls. Households cut back on saving to fund their purchases after their incomes dropped at a 5. 3 percent rate in the first quarter (Aljazeera 2013). The saving rate fell to 2. 6 percent from 4. 7 percent in the fourth quarter of 2012(Aljazeera 2013). But now, based on projections, housing is showing positive signs and can be expected to keep improving over the next year The spending of the government fell to a 4. 1 percent annual rate and most of the increase in the first-quarter spending came from car purchases and outlays for utilities (Aljazeera 2013). But with this good news, the purchase of equipment and software by businesses slowed sharply. But it picked back up at only three percent rate after a brisk 11. 8 percent pace in the fourth quarter (Aljazeera 2013). The forces needed for a quickening US recovery are already in place, but they are going to occur slowly but surely. The balances of items that are or could be affecting the US consumer spending have turned positive (IHS 2012). Also seen is that US businesses are likely to spend and hire more, which means that growth will average around 2% next year (HIS 2012).

Psychology of Body Language

Navarro, Joe. (2008, January 1). Fast forces of attraction. Retrieved from http://www. psychologytoday. com/articles/200712/fast-forces-attraction | â€Å"Pitch correlates only loosely with height, but is closely tied to hormone levels—meaning it's a good indicator of fertility or dominance, as well as health and attractiveness. â€Å"In general, people with attractive voices have attractive faces,† says David Feinberg, a psychologist at McMaster University. † (pg. )| This is interesting because well one the use of the word correlation in this statement made me think of the correlation research method. Did they do actual research? And then I continued to where David Feinberg made his statement, and I believe this is untrue because again each person’s perception is different, I then continued to think of the saying â€Å"you have a face for radio† it just seemed contradictory. | | | â€Å"Accents affect our perceptions, as do speed and pitch. We jud ge fast talkers to be more educated, and those with varied inflection to be more interesting. Men prefer higher voices in women, and women like deeper voices in men (especially when ovulating or looking for a short-term relationship)†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 1)| When the word â€Å"perception† came about I immediately thought of the Cognitive Prospective. | †¦Ã¢â‚¬ That's why our brains have set us up to draw instantaneous inferences from tiny nuances of behavior, what psychologists call â€Å"thin slices† of judgment. We form first impressions of another's attractiveness in a tenth of a second, generating a symphonic burst of desire in which everything from voice to wit plays a part†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( pg. ). | This section made me think that they used the Biological Prospective to explain the reasoning and help make it easier to see. | â€Å"People like people whom others find attractive. You might be inclined to think it's because socializing with (or sleeping with) the It girl enhances your own status in the crowd. † (pg. 2)| Right here is a great example of the Socio-cultural Prospective. It’s all about where you stand in our society today, and by this statement it is easy to see because it is very true. Its seems most evident in college students, seeing it firsthand. | â€Å"Most of us are drawn to those who hail from our own side of the tracks, and men and women are marrying within their social class much more than ever. † (pg. 2)| Again a perfect example of Sociocultural Prospective. | â€Å"†¦But ask 5,000 people and clear patterns emerge. Some traits have universal sex appeal because they're markers of good genes, health, and fertility: a fit body, clear skin, a symmetrical face with average-sized and -shaped features, and traits that mark sex hormones†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. )| Now this section exemplifies the Evolutionary Prospective because people, even unknowingly, look for these traits because they want they’re offspring to be the strongest the fittest, which made me think of Darwinism. ‘The strong will survive. † The stronger, healthier, smarter, and most attractive evolve, the stay alive and most importantly pass their genes on. | Summary: this article was quite interesting, it talked about all aspects of attraction and explained from various prospectives of psychology. It talked about physical attributes such as looks, voice, health ect, to the mental part of attraction. | |

Social Worker Burnout Studied Essays

Social Worker Burnout Studied Essays Social Worker Burnout Studied Essay Social Worker Burnout Studied Essay but recent research in the field of injury has identified emphasiss alone to that work. These emphasiss have been conceptualized as vicarious injury ( McCann A ; Pearlman, 1990b ; Pearlman A ; Saakvitne, 1995a, 1995b ) . To day of the month, most research has focused on the single features thought to lend to vicarious injury. There has been less focal point on the organisational constructions that may lend. In this article, we draw on the research on organisational correlatives of burnout as a background for analyzing the research on vicarious injury and so sketch assorted organisational schemes suggested by practicians working with trauma subsisters to forestall vicarious injury. This treatment is informed by a qualitative survey of counsellors working with victims of domestic force ( Bell, 1998, 1999 ) that suggested the importance of the work environment, among other issues, in the development of vicarious injury. Citati ons by counsellors from that survey will be used to exemplify the treatment. Organizational Correlates of Burnout Maslach ( 1993 ) described burnout as holding three dimensions: ( a ) emotional exhaustion ; ( B ) depersonalisation, defined as a negative attitude towards clients, a personal withdrawal, or loss of ideals ; and ( degree Celsius ) reduced personal achievement and committedness to the profession. Burnout has been conceptualized as a procedure instead than a status or province, and some have theorized that it progresses consecutive through each of these dimensions ( Maslach, 1993 ) . Maslach and others have examined the person, interpersonal, and organisational features that contribute to burnout. Of peculiar involvement to this treatment is the determination that organisations can either promote occupation satisfaction or contribute to burnout ( Soderfeldt, Soderfeldt, A ; Warg, 1995 ) . Unsupportive disposal, deficiency of professional challenge, low wages, and troubles encountered in supplying client services are prognostic of higher burnout rates ( Arches, 1991 ; Beck, 1987 ; Him le, Jayaratne, A ; Thyness, 1986 ) . Individual staff members suffer, and the resulting loss of experient staff can decrease the quality of client services ( Arches, 1991 ) . This research has helped place organisational supports that could be effectual in buffering or interceding burnout and point to workplace features that may besides forestall vicarious injury. Vicarious Trauma Recently, the occupational emphasis of societal workers working with trauma subsisters has begun to have attending ( Cunningham, 1999 ; Dalton, 2001 ; Regehr A ; Cadell, 1999 ) . Some writers are get downing to propose that injury theory has of import public-service corporation in understanding the burnout experience of societal workers working in kid protection and with HIV-infected populations ( Horwitz, 1998 ; Wade, Beckerman, A ; Stein, 1996 ) . Many theoreticians have speculated that the emotional impact of this type of traumatic stuff is contagious and can be transmitted through the procedure of empathy ( Figley, 1995 ; Pearlman A ; Saakvitne, 1995a ; Stamm, 1995 ) , as in this illustration from an experient societal worker speaking about reding adult females in a household service bureau: Some times after a session, I will be traumatized .I will experience over whelmed, and I can retrieve a peculiar state of affairs with a sexually abused individual where I I merely did nt desire to hear any more of her narratives about what really happened.She seemed to desire to go on to state me those over and over and I remember merely experiencing about contaminated, like, you know, like I was abused. You know? And so I set bounds withher a fter some ace vision about that but tracked her in a different way.It hink it has an impact. I m merely non certain of what ( a squoted in Bell,1998 ) In the past 10 old ages, the emotional impact of working with trauma subsisters has been examined under several concepts: compassion weariness ( Figley, 1995 ) , secondary traumatic emphasis ( Figley, 1993 ; Stamm, 1995 ) , and vicarious injury ( McCann A ; Pearlman, 1990b ; Pearlman A ; Saakvitne, 1995a, 1995b ) . These concepts have been compared and debated ( Pearlman A ; Saakvitne, 1995a ; Stamm, 1995 ) , and a full treatment of them is outside the range of this article. The bulk of the empirical surveies in this country have used the vicarious injury concept. For this ground, the term vicarious injury will by and large be used throughout this article unless another term has been used specifically in the research cited. Vicarious injury has been defined as the transmutation that occurs in the interior experience of the healer [ or worker ] that comes approximately as a consequence of empathetic battle with clients injury stuff ( Pearlman A ; Saakvitne, 1995a, p. 31 ) . Vicarious injury can ensue in physiological symptoms that resemble posttraumatic emphasis reactions, which may attest themselves either in the signifier of intrusive symptoms, such as flashbacks, night-mares, and obsessional ideas, or in the signifier of constricting symptoms, such as numbing and disassociation ( Beaton A ; Murphy, 1995 ) . It may besides ensue in breaks to of import beliefs, called cognitive scheme, that persons hold about themselves, other people, and the universe ( McCann A ; Pearlman, 1990b ; Pearlman A ; Saakvitne, 1995a, 1995b ) , as in the undermentioned illustration from a immature worker in a beat-up adult females s shelter: I think you see the worst of people, working here the worst of what people do to each other. And I think when you do nt hold proper resource halt rocess that, to work through it, to underst and it or set it in some sort of context, it merely leaves you experiencing a small baffle dabout what s traveling on out at that place, and the manner things work in the universe and your function in all of that. ( asquotedin Bell,1999, p.175 ) Although some of the numbing symptoms of vicarious injuries bear some resemblance to burnout and may in fact consequence in burnout over clip, research on healers has besides begun to set up vicarious injury as a distinguishable construct from burnout ( Figley, 1995 ; Pearlman A ; Saakvitne, 1995a ) . Unlike the concept of burnout, the concept of vicarious injury was developed from and is clinically grounded in injury theory, specifically constructivist self-development theory ( McCann A ; Pearlman, 1990b ) . In several surveies, burnout and general emph asis degrees were non related to exposure to traumatized clients, whereas steps of injury exposure and vicarious injuries were related ( Kassam-Adams, 1995 ; Schauben A ; Frazier, 1995 ) . Therefore, burnout entirely does non look to capture the effects of injury as an occupational stressor. Although vicarious injury may show with elements of emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, and reduced personal achievement, it besides has effects that are alone and specific to trauma work. Many professionals risk vicarious injuries through their contact with traumatized people or stuff that contains in writing images of injury. Surveies have indicated that about 38 % of societal workers experience moderate to high degrees of secondary traumatic emphasis ( Cornille A ; Meyers, 1999 ; Dalton, 2001 ) . In add-on, exigency workers ( Leseca, 1996 ; McCammon, Durham, Allison, A ; Williamson, 1988 ; Wagner, Heinrichs, A ; Ehlert, 1998 ) , nurses ( Joinson, 1992 ) , police officers ( Follette, Polusny, A ; Milbeck, 1994 ) , sexual assault counsellors ( Johnson A ; Hunter, 1997 ; Regehr A ; Cadell, 1999 ; Schauben A ; Frazier, 1995 ) , child protective service workers ( Cornille A ; Meyers, 1999 ) , and trauma healers ( Chrestman, 1995 ; Follette et al. , 1994 ; Kassam-Adams, 1995 ; Pearlman A ; Mac Ian, 1995 ) have all been documented as developing symptomology rather similar to acute and posttraumatic emphasis reactions as a consequence of their second-hand exposure to traumatic stuff. Recent surveies of injury healers have begun to research some of the factors involved in the development of vicarious injury. Therapist exposure to traumatic client stuff has been found to be an of import forecaster for symptoms of traumatic emphasis and, in some instances, of disrupted beliefs about ego and others. In a study of 148 counsellors, Schauben and Frazier ( 1995 ) found that those who worked with a higher per centum of sexual force subsisters reported more symptoms of pos ttraumatic emphasis upset and greater breaks in their beliefs about themselves and others than did counsellors seeing fewer subsisters. The research workers tied these symptoms of trauma counsellors to a figure of factors. Most normally, counsellors said that hearing the trauma narrative and sing the hurting of subsisters was emotionally run outing. Second, many counsellors felt that the guidance procedure was more hard when working with trauma subsisters, who tended to hold more jobs swearing and working in a curative relationship than clients who were non traumatized. Finally, some counsellors found the work more hard because of the institutional barriers within the legal, and mental wellness systems that their clients were forced to voyage. Similar findings emerged when research workers compared the emphasis degree of sexual assault counsellors with that of counsellors who worked with a more general client population ( Johnson A ; Hunter, 1997 ) . Not merely did sexual assault c ounsellors show greater grounds of emphasis, but their work emphasis besides contributed to personal relationship troubles at place. The impact of the healer s ain history of maltreatment on current study of vicarious injuries are ill-defined. Pearlman and MacIan ( 1995 ) reported significantly more vicarious injury symptoms in 60 % of the healers they surveyed who reported a personal history of injury. However, Schauben and Frazier ( 1995 ) found that counsellors with a history of victimization were non more hard-pressed by working with subsisters than were counsellors without such a history. Pearlman and Mac Ian found that healers without a trauma history were more likely to describe intrusive imagination than those with a history. Follette et Al. ( 1994 ) found that mental wellness professionals with a important history of childhood physical or sexual maltreatment did non see significantly more negative responses to child sexual maltreatment subsister clients than those without s uch a history. They besides reported significantly more positive header schemes. However, the comparing group of jurisprudence enforcement forces with childhood maltreatment histories who besides worked with sexual maltreatment subsisters showed significantly more hurt than the mental wellness professionals. The research workers hypothesized that the usage of personal therapy by 59.1 % of the mental wellness professionals versus 15.6 % of the jurisprudence enforcement professionals may hold accounted for the difference. Increased clip spent with traumatized clients seems to increase the hazard of stress reactions in mental wellness professionals ( Chrestman, 1995 ; Pearlman A ; Mac Ian, 1995 ) . Furthermore, disbursement clip in other work activities decreases the hazard. Having a more diverse caseload with a greater assortment of client jobs and take parting in research, instruction, and outreach besides appear to intercede the effects of traumatic exposure. Age and experience are reciprocally correlated with the development of vicarious injury. Younger and less experient counsellors exhibit the highest degrees of hurt ( Arvay A ; Uhlemann, 1996 ; Pearlman A ; Mac Ian, 1995 ) . They may hold had less chance to incorporate traumatic narratives and experiences into their belief systems, every bit good as to develop effectual header schemes for covering with the effects of vicarious injury than hold older and more experient healers ( Neumann A ; Gamble, 1995 ) . Such was the instance of this experient counsellor who worked with beat-up adult females in the tribunal system: It hink for person who does nt make this type of work it would be utmost lystressful, but after twelve old ages, I ve merely I ve handled so many instances and dealt with so many people, I know my restriction sand the tribunal s restrictions and I merely do nt acquire as worked up about each instance as I used to. ( as quoted in Bell, 1999, p.117 ) vicarious injury can be considered a type of occupational jeopardy in scenes where there are high degrees of traumatized clients. As a consequence, organisations supplying services to trauma victims have a practical and ethical duty to turn to this hazard. Deductions for Agency Administrative Response The primary focal point of treatment about the bar of vicarious injury has been on the person ( for a good sum-up, see Yassen, 1995 ) . However, as with burnout, the organisational context of injury work has been discussed as a factor in the development of secondary injury. Several writers have written about their ain experiences in bureaus that serve traumatized persons. They have suggested both bar and intercession schemes in the countries of organisational civilization, work load, work environment, instruction, group support, supervising, and resources for self-care. Each of these will be discussed in bend below. Organizational Culture The values and civilization of an organisation set the outlooks about the work. When the work includes contact with injury, they besides set the outlooks about how workers will see injury and trade with it, both professionally and personally. Of primary concern is that organisations that serve trauma subsisters, whether colza crisis centres, shelters for beat-up adult females, or plans that work with veterans, acknowledge the impact of injury on the single worker and the organisation. As Rosenbloom, Pratt, and Pearlman ( 1995 ) wrote of their work at the Traumatic Stress Institute, We work together to develop an ambiance in which it is considered inevitable to be affected by the work ( p. 77 ) . It is non uncommon for feelings and reactions generated by injury to go forth the societal worker experiencing uneffective, unskilled, and even powerless. An organisational civilization that normalizes the consequence of working with trauma subsisters can supply a supportive environment f or societal workers to turn to those effects in their ain work and lives. It besides gives permission for societal workers to take attention of themselves. Yassen ( 1995 ) provided an illustration of a potentially harmful norm that can thwart workers efforts at self-care: In some scenes, it may be assumed that if employees do non work overtime, they are non committed to their work, or that clinicians who do non take holidaies are more committed to their work than are others ( p. 201 ) . A supportive organisation is one that non merely allows for holidaies, but besides creates chances for societal workers to change their caseload and work activities, take clip off for unwellness, take part in go oning instruction, and do clip for other self-care activities. Small bureaus might signal their committedness to staff by doing staff self-care a portion of the mission statement, understanding that finally it does impact client attention. Administrators might besides supervise staff hol iday clip and promote staff with excessively much accumulated clip to take clip off. Self-care issues could be addressed in staff meetings, and chances for go oning instruction could be circulated to staff. In societal work bureaus, which typically operate with unequal resources and grim service demands, such committednesss, irrespective of how little, are non inconsequential. Workload Research has shown that holding a more diverse caseload is associated with reduced vicarious injury ( Chrestman, 1995 ) . Such diverseness can assist the societal worker maintain the traumatic stuff in position and forestall the formation of a traumatic worldview ( Pearlman A ; Saakvitne, 1995a ) . Agencies could develop intake processs that attempt to administer clients among staff in a manner that pays attending to the hazard of vicarious injury certain clients might show to workers. When possible, trauma instances should be distributed among a figure of societal workers who possess the necessary accomplishments ( Dutton A ; Rubinstein, 1995 ; Regehr A ; Cadell, 1999 ; Wade et al. , 1996 ) . In add-on, societal workers whose primary occupation is to supply direct services to traumatized people may profit from chances to take part in societal alteration activities ( Regehr A ; Cadell, 1999 ) . Agencies that do non already supply such services might see supplying community instru ction and outreach or working to influence policy. Such activities can supply a sense of hope and authorization that can be stimulating and can neutralize some of the negative effects of trauma work. Organizations can besides keep an attitude of regard ( Pearlman A ; Saakvitne, 1995b, p. 170 ) for both clients and workers by admiting that work with trauma subsisters frequently involves multiple, long-run services. Organizations that are proactive in developing or associating clients with accessory services such as self-help groups, experienced medical professionals for medicine, in- and out-patient hospitalization, and resources for paying for these services will back up non merely clients, but besides decrease the work load of their staff ( Pearlman A ; Saakvitne, 1995b ) . Developing coactions between bureaus that work with traumatized clients can supply material support and forestall a sense of isolation and defeat at holding to travel it entirely. Work Environment A safe, comfy, and private work environment is important for those societal workers in scenes that may expose them to violence ( Pearlman A ; Saakvitne, 1995b ; Yassen, 1995 ) . Some work sites, such as shelters or bureaus located in high-crime vicinities, are so unsafe that workers may really see primary injury, instead than vicarious injury. In a sample of 210 accredited societal workers, Dalton ( 2001 ) found that 57.6 % had been threatened by a client or member of a client s household, and 16.6 % had been physically or sexually assaulted by a client or member of the client s household. Being threatened by a client or a member of a client s household was strongly correlated with compassion weariness. Although it is more of a challenge in certain scenes, protecting workers safety should be the primary concern of bureau disposal. Paying for security systems or security guards may be a necessary cost of making concern for some bureaus that provide services to traumatized persons. F ailing that, bureaus may see developing a brother system for coworkers so that if one worker is threatened by a client, another can cite the constabulary. In add-on to attending to basic safety, Pearlman and Saakvitne ( 1995b ) have suggested that workers need to hold personally meaningful points in their workplace. These can include images of their kids or of topographic points they have visited, scenes of nature or quotes that help them retrieve who they are and why they do this work. One hotline worker described her usage of such an point: When itsare alintense call, I sort of intuition over the phone and sort of similar focal point here on my [ computing machine screen ] and I some times try to consciously state my ego to sit back and expression at one of my images that I have up to remind me of happier times. ( asquotedin Bell,1998 ) Agency decision makers can promote staff to do these little investings in their work environment. By puting animating postings or images of scenic environments ( instead than bureau regulations and ordinances ) in the waiting suites, staff meeting suites, and interruption suites, the organisation can pattern the importance of the personal in the professional. In add-on, workers besides need topographic points for remainder at the occupation site, such as a interruption room that is separate from clients ( Yassen, 1995 ) . With a infinite such as this, the organisation could turn to the self-care demands of staff by supplying a java shaper, soft music, and comfy furniture. Education Trauma-specific instruction besides diminishes the potency of vicarious injury. Information can assist persons to call their experience and supply a model for understanding and reacting to it. Training scenes, such as schools of societal work, have a duty to supply this information to field housemans come ining arrangements where they will meet injury ( Pearlman A ; Saakvitne, 1995b ) . Dalton ( 2001 ) found that societal workers with maestro s grades had lower degrees of secondary traumatic emphasis compared with those with baccalaureate grades. This difference suggests that the type of clinical preparation available in maestro s plans, such as information about client authorization, self-care, and acknowledging destructive behaviours, may be a losing but of import portion of developing societal workers in baccalaureate plans to forestall secondary emphasis and vicarious injury. Attempts to educate staff about vicarious injuries can get down in the occupation interview ( Urquiza, W yatt, A ; Goodlin-Jones, 1997 ) . Agencies have a responsibility to warn appliers of the possible hazards of trauma work and to measure new workers resiliency ( Pearlman A ; Saakvitne, 1995b ) . New employees can be educated about the hazards and effects associated with injury, as new and inexperient workers are likely to see the most impact ( Chrestman, 1995 ; Neumann A ; Gamble, 1995 ) . Ongoing instruction about injury theory and the effects of vicarious injuries can be included in staff preparation ( Regehr A ; Cadell, 1999 ; Urquiza et al. , 1997 ) and discussed on an on-going footing as portion of staff meetings. Agencies can take advantage of the booming figure of workshops on vicarious injury at professional conferences in societal work and other subjects by directing a staff member for preparation and inquiring that worker to portion what he or she has learned with the remainder of the staff. This information provides a utile context and helps societal workers to exper ience more competent and have more realistic outlooks about what they can carry through in their professional function. Preparation for a nerve-racking event, when possible, protects persons from the consequence of emphasis ( Chemtob et al. , 1990 ) . Learning new ways to turn to clients injury may besides assist prevent vicarious injury. Theories, such as constructivist self-development theory ( McCann A ; Pearlman, 1990a ) on which the theory of vicarious injury is based, maintain a double focal point between past injury and the client s current strengths and resources. Working from a theoretical model that acknowledges and enhances client strengths and focal points on solutions in the present can experience authorising for client and worker and cut down the hazard of vicarious injury. Group Support Both the burnout literature and the Hagiographas about vicarious injuries emphasize the importance of societal support within the organisation ( Catherall, 1995 ; Munroe et al. , 1995 ; Rosenbloom et al. , 1995 ) . Staff opportunities to debrief informally and process traumatic stuff with supervisors and equals are helpful ( Horwitz, 1998 ; Regehr A ; Cadell, 1999 ; Urquiza et al. , 1997 ) . Critical incident emphasis debriefing ( Mitchell, 1983, as cited in Wollman, 1993 ) is a more formalistic method for treating specific traumatic events but may be less helpful in pull offing insistent or chronic traumatic stuff ( Horwitz, 1998 ) . Support can besides take the signifier of coworkers aid with paperwork or exigency backup. Time for societal interaction between coworkers, such as observing birthdays or other events every bit good as organized team-building activities and staff retreats, can increase workers feeling of group coherence and common support. Peer support groups may ass ist because equals can frequently clear up co-workers penetrations, listen for and right cognitive deformations, offer perspective/reframing, and relate to the emotional province of the societal worker ( Catherall, 1995 ) . Group support can take a assortment of signifiers, such as audience, intervention squads, instance conferences, or clinical seminars, and can be either peer led or professionally led. For illustration, shelter workers interviewed by Bell ( 1999 ) started a reading group and together read and discussed Pearlman and Saakvitne s ( 1995a ) book, Trauma and the Therapist: Countertransference and Vicarious Traumatization in Psychotherapy With Incest Survivors. The group met after work on a regular footing. Group members learned about vicarious injuries and ways to cover with it in their ain work and lives. The group cost the bureau nil, did non interfere with work, and provided an chance for workers to give each other much-needed support. Regardless of the signifier g roup support takes, Munroe et Al. ( 1995 ) warned that it should be considered an adjunct to, non a replacement for, self-care or clinical supervising. There are some possible booby traps of group support. One is the inclination toward groupthink and conformance ( Munroe et al. , 1995 ) . Another is that members hearing about a coworker s hurt may utilize distancing and victim-blaming as a defence mechanism. Peer groups and intervention squads besides offer the chance for traumatic reenactments, such as dividing the group members into the functions of user and exploited, that are so common in working with trauma subsisters ( Munroe et al. , 1995 ) . When groups are held within bureaus, there is besides the possible job generated by conflicting functions in the group, such as a supervisor who is both protagonist and judge or a coworker/supervisor who is besides a friend. Finally, group members may be more instead than less traumatized by the necessity of hearing each other s worst horror narratives. Guzzino and Taxis ( 1995 ) have suggested a figure of ways for members of such groups to speak about their experiences without farther traumatising group members through the usage of psychodrama and art therapy. To farther minimise the potency for jobs in support groups, Catherall ( 1995 ) has suggested that group members discuss such a possibility before it happens and normalise the experience of vicarious injury and its impact on the person and the group. Supervision Effective supervising is an indispensable constituent of the bar and healing of vicarious injury. Responsible supervising creates a relationship in which the societal worker feels safe in showing frights, concerns, and insufficiencies ( Welfel, 1998 ) . Organizations with a hebdomadal group supervising format set up a locale in which traumatic stuff and the subsequent personal consequence may be processed and normalized as portion of the work of the organisation. As one hotline worker said of the value of supervisory support in response to a nerve-racking call: It s sort of like you have this large poke of stones and every clip you sort of Tell person about it you can, you know, give them a twosome of your stones and your poke gets lighter ( as quoted in Bell, 1998 ) .Effective supervising is an indispensable constituent of the bar and healing of vicarious injury. Responsible supervising creates a relationship in which the societal worker feels safe in showing frights, concerns, a nd insufficiencies ( Welfel, 1998 ) . Organizations with a hebdomadal group supervising format set up a locale in which traumatic stuff and the subsequent personal consequence may be processed and normalized as portion of the work of the organisation. As one hotline worker said of the value of supervisory support in response to a nerve-racking call: It s sort of like you have this large poke of stones and every clip you sort of Tell person about it you can, you know, give them a twosome of your stones and your poke gets lighter ( as quoted in Bell, 1998 ) . In add-on to supplying emotional support, supervisors can besides learn staff about vicarious injury in a manner that is supportive, respectful, and sensitive to its effects ( Pearlman A ; Saakvitne, 1995b ; Regehr A ; Cadell, 1999 ; Rosenbloom et al. , 1995 ; Urquiza et al. , 1997 ) . If at all possible, supervising and rating should be separate maps in an organisation because a concern about rating might do a worker relucta nt to convey up issues in his or her work with clients that might be signals of vicarious injury. Dalton ( 2001 ) found that 9 % of the discrepancy in her survey of societal workers and secondary traumatic emphasis was related to supervising. Her consequences indicated that the figure of times a worker received nonevaluative supervising and the figure of hours of nonevaluative supervising were positively related to low degrees of secondary traumatic emphasis. In state of affairss where supervisors can non divide the supervisory and appraising maps, bureau decision makers might see undertaking with an outside adviser for trauma-specific supervising on either an single or group footing. The cost of such preventative audience might be good worth the cost nest eggs that would ensue from decreased employee turnover or ineffectualness as a consequence of vicarious trauma.In add-on to supplying emotional support, supervisors can besides learn staff about vicarious injury in a manner that i s supportive, respectful, and sensitive to its effects ( Pearlman A ; Saakvitne, 1995b ; Regehr A ; Cadell, 1999 ; Rosenbloom et al. , 1995 ; Urquiza et al. , 1997 ) . If at all possible, supervising and rating should be separate maps in an organisation because a concern about rating might do a worker reluctant to convey up issues in his or her work with clients that might be signals of vicarious injury. Dalton ( 2001 ) found that 9 % of the discrepancy in her survey of societal workers and secondary traumatic emphasis was related to supervising. Her consequences indicated that the figure of times a worker received nonevaluative supervising and the figure of hours of nonevaluative supervising were positively related to low degrees of secondary traumatic emphasis. In state of affairss where supervisors can non divide the supervisory and appraising maps, bureau decision makers might see undertaking with an outside adviser for trauma-specific supervising on either an single or group footing. The cost of such preve

Conservative Views on Immigration Reform

Conservative Views on Immigration Reform In 2006, liberal documentarian Morgan Spurlock devoted a segment of his show 30 Days Latest Developments His resolve may seem surprising, considering how close he became with the Gonzalez family, but his position was vilified in 2009 as a rash of kidnappings occurred in Arizona as a direct result of illegal immigration. Members of Mexican drug cartels, in the US illegally, would kidnap American citizens for ransom, and send the money across the border, where its value was inflated. While the kidnap victims were often the relative of a drug-trafficker, they were just as often the relative of an immigrant smuggler. Phoenix became the kidnap capitol of the US in 2009, with more incidents than any city in the world except for Mexico City.Immigrant smuggling has become more popular in US states bordering Mexico because a load of 30 immigrants can net the smuggler anywhere from $45,000 to $75,000.Very often, conservatives favoring immigration reform will couch the issue in terms of national security. Illegal immigration goes well beyond the US/Mexico border, and kidnapping isnt the only prob lem. In the aftermath of the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks, it was revealed that all 19 hijackers entered the US with valid documents. Some, however, had committed fraud to obtain them. The fraud was easily perpetrated thanks to glaring and easy-to-fix loopholes in the US visa system. Background The issue of illegal immigration is very different from the issue of immigration itself. While most conservatives have no problem with immigrants, there are conflicting opinions about illegal aliens. Conservative opinions are as complex as the issue itself.So-called law and order conservatives favor tightening the US border and deporting illegal aliens back to their countries of origin wherever they may be. Reflecting the growing dependency on illegal labor in the US, so-called business interest conservatives favor easing immigration restrictions and acknowledging the economic importance of immigrant workers. Americans willing to work hard should be able to make a decent living. President Barack Obama to One of the major contributing factors to illegal immigration is the fact that the employment rate in Mexico, which has never been especially sturdy, is reaching alarming lows. Solutions Resolving illegal immigration isnt easy.For example, most people, even immigration reform advocates, would agree that denying anyone emergency medical care is morally wrong. Yet, they would also agree that access to American medical care shouldnt be a perk for illegal immigrants and yet it is. Illegal laborers injured during the course of a menial job are treated by topnotch American physicians.Separating families is also morally wrong, yet when two illegal aliens have a child in America, the child becomes a US citizen, which means deporting the parents creates an American orphan. Heres an example of illegal aliens accessing US medical facilities, and also creating an avenue to permanent US residency without the necessity of becoming an American citizen.Americans consider things like medical care and family unity basic human rights, but for many immigrants who arent afforded the same rights in their countries of origin, these rights are often seen as rewards for making it to America . While rewarding people who come to America illegally only encourages more people to come illegally, the solution is not to deny them their basic human rights.If the giant moat we call the Atlantic Ocean isnt enough to deter illegal immigration, building bigger and stronger fences at the US/Mexico border wont be either. As conservative humorist PJ ORourke observed, Fence the border and give a huge boost to the Mexican ladder industry.About the only viable solution to the problem of illegal immigration is removing the incentive to emigrate to America. If people have no reason to leave home, they wont. Poverty, persecution and opportunity are the main reasons people flee their country of origin. Better foreign aid and a more engaged foreign policy may be the only options to stem the tide of illegal immigration. The Trouble With Amnesty From USAmnesty.org: An amnesty for illegal aliens forgives their acts of illegal immigration and implicitly forgives other related illegal acts such as driving and working with false documents. The result of an amnesty is that large numbers of foreigners who illegally gained entry into the United States are rewarded with legal status (Green Card) for breaking immigration laws. Where It Stands Liberals claim that resident illegals do pay taxes, albeit indirectly. When they pay rent, their landlord uses that money to pay property taxes. When they buy groceries, clothing or other household items, they pay sales tax. This, the liberals say, supports the economy.What they do not realize, however, is how much illegal immigration costs as a result of the taxes illegal immigrants do not pay.For example, when children are brought into the country illegally and use the American educational system, their parents are not paying the local municipal taxes that provide for their childrens education. The problems are more than financial, however. As weve shown, American citizens in the employment sector are denied opportunities every day thanks to illegal immigration. Opportunities are also blocked in the academic community, as well. A college mandated to meet a racial quota may reject an American citizen or a legal immigrant in favor of an illegal immigrant with the appropriate cultural background. Despite the urgent need to pass comprehensive immigration reform, President Barack Obama recently announced his administration will do nothing to address the problem this year. Somehow Obama believes the trouble with the economy and the trouble with immigration are mutually exclusive.Dont expect to see much from the Obama administration on immigration reform at all, unless it is to ease the way for illegals. There are rumors that Obama will make some sort of policy statement regarding illegal immigration in May.Its important to remember that in 2006, Obamas support for a national amnesty movement was apparent as he marched down the streets of Chicago arm-in-arm with illegal immigrants. Then, last year, he promised Latinos that he would develop a plan to make legal status possible for an estimated 12 million illegal immigrants. If the rumors are true, conservatives should brace themselves for a proposal from the administration along these lines.

Preparation of accounts and Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Preparation of accounts and - Essay Example Moreover, the division has attracted a type of consumers that seem to be a niche market, thus creating stable demand for the products Cost of sales has been assumed to follow a pattern from its previous performance. For the home decorating division, cost of sales was pegged at 70 percent, for the household goods at 60 percent, and for the DIY goods at 40 percent. Cost of operations for 2010 also followed the historical pattern based on 2009 and 2008 statements, and assumed the same percentage against gross sales of previous years. Given these assumptions, the gross operating income and the income before tax was derived and computed for the year 2010. Since it was assumed that there was no revaluation occurring in 2010, the net income after tax for Metropole was projected to be at  £193,000. This income, compared to that of 2009 and 2008, is quite better than expected, given the bleak global economic outlook. Since there is an expected economic slowdown, the forecast decreased in sales will leave a bigger inventory of merchandise. Thus compared to 2009, the inventory for 2010 will be higher by about 10 percent. Trade receivables, on the other hand, will suffer a bit since receivables may not be collected on time. As a matter of fact, to push sales and in an effort to curtail inventory from piling up, sales on account are projected to rise giving more trade receivables to account for 2010. Thus, trade receivables account for 2010 ended with 80 percent higher than the previous year 2009. What will save the day for Metropole during the economic downturn in 2010 will be the highly profitable and stable DIY stores. This division is expected to deliver the cash for the company. Thus, it is also forecast that an increase in cash account is expected, and some of them will be treated as short term savings deposit. Given the volatile nature of the economy, investments are forecast to be put on hold, as the company observes the direction

How to Be a Better Listener Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

How to Be a Better Listener - Research Paper Example These are common natural sounds, yet they may sound unfamiliar, because we do not have the time or the inclination to listen to them. ‘Listening’ is not magic; it is simply an art that you will have to master, if you wish to succeed in life. Now the next question that will most obviously come to our minds will be, if listening is not hearing, then what do we do to listen? Yes, listening and hearing are entirely two different entities. How many times we have our ‘heard’ our mothers asking us to clean our rooms; and how many times we actually ‘listen’ to what she is trying to say and also do accordingly? How times do we ‘listen’ to our parents advising us to avoid doing certain things, or do we just hear them speaking some jargon, a language that we pretend we cannot understand and so can be easily forgotten? The basic difference between hearing and listening is in the amount of attention we pay to the person who is speaking to us, and in our attempts in trying to understand as to what he/she is actually saying. â€Å"My son never listens to what I say!†; â€Å"Will you for god’s sake please remain quiet and listen to what I am trying to say?† We have heard these complaints so many times that they sound quite clichà ©d to us by now. It is simply not in most people to listen to what others say. We love to speak, and have fallen in love with our voices so much, that we prefer to talk, even if it means speaking utter nonsense at times. Speaking one to a dozen does not help us much, and it is only in listening to what others say that we climb the ladder to success. So the next time your mother asks you to clean your room, or avoid doing certain things, just ‘listen’ to her. The training to acquire such basic skills start right from home, and once you are out in the world on your own, you may actually find that

Summary of Equity Securities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Summary of Equity Securities - Essay Example Equity security investments that do not form the part of the trading securities are referred as available-for-sale (AFS) securities. This are reported at the fair value with gains and losses that are unrealized and are excluded from the earnings of the company. The investments made in the equity securities are recorded at the cost that takes into account securities transaction taxes, brokerage fees and other costs that are related to the procurement of securities (Subramani 12). The investors invest in the company shares hoping to receive higher return on their cash outflows. The demand of the investors in the financial markets has invariably changed with the passage of time. The companies motivate these investors by providing higher future expected returns on the assets (equities). The equity securities and its features differ in case of different types of companies. The types of companies and the features of stocks are explained henceforth (Fabozzi 6-7). Defensive companies have th e ability to withstand the economic downturn and the future earnings are not affected. Hence, the business and financial risk is low in this case. Examples of such defensive companies are grocery chains or public utilities, which aims at providing its customers with necessity products. The rate of return of defensive stocks does not decline when there is an overall market decline. According to the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), the relevant risk of an asset has covariance with the market portfolio of risky assets. Hence, stocks with negative or low systematic risk (beta value) are considered as defensive stocks according to the theory of CAPM; the stock returns are not affected by the significant changes in a bear market (Scott 102). The earnings and sales of cyclical companies are significantly influenced by business activities. Examples of these